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The Rottweiler is a medium/large size breed of domestic dog.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=FCI )〕 The dogs were known as "Rottweil butchers' dogs" ((ドイツ語:Rottweiler Metzgerhund)) because they were used to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat and other products to market.〔 The Rottweiler was employed in its traditional roles until the mid-19th century when railways replaced droving for herding livestock to market. While still used in herding, Rottweilers are now used as search and rescue dogs, as guide dogs for the blind, as guard dogs or police dogs, and in other roles.〔Adolf Pienkoss, ''The Rottweiler'', 3rd ed., Borken, Germany: Internationale Föderation der Rottweilerfreunde, 2008.〕 ==History== Although a versatile breed used in recent times for many purposes, the Rottweiler is one of the oldest of herding breeds. A multi-faceted herding and stock protection dog, it is capable of working all kinds of livestock under a variety of conditions.〔Manfred Schanzle, ''Studies in The Breed History of The Rottweiler''. DVM thesis, University of Munich, 1969.〕 The breed's history likely dates to the Roman Empire. It is likely that the Rottweiler is a descendant of ancient Roman drover dogs, a mastiff-type dog that was a dependable, rugged dog with great intelligence and guarding instincts. During their quest to conquer Europe, the Roman legion traveled in large numbers across the continent. The non-existence of refrigeration meant the soldiers had to bring herds of cattle with them on their excursions for food. These drover dogs were not only used to keep the herds of cattle together, but to guard the supply stock at night. Around 74 A.D. the Roman army travelled across the alps and into the southern part of modern day Germany. For the next two centuries the Roman drover dogs were continually used in herding and driving cattle for trade even after the Romans were driven out of the area by the Swabians.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rottweiler: History )〕 A town in this region was eventually given the name Rottweil.〔 It became an important trade center and the descendants of the Roman cattle dogs proved their worth by driving the cattle to market and protecting the cattle from robbers and wild animals.〔 The dogs are said to have been used by traveling butchers at markets during the Middle Ages to guard money pouches tied around their necks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rottweiler )〕 The dogs eventually came to be called Rottweiler Metzgerhunds, or butcher dogs.〔 As railroads became the primary method for moving stock to market, the need for the breed declined, as did the number of Rottweilers. The number of Rottweilers diminished so severely that by 1882 in a dog show in Heilbronn, there was only one very poor representative of the breed.〔 The buildup to World War I saw a great demand for police dogs, and that led to a revival of interest in the Rottweiler. During the First and Second World Wars, Rottweilers were put into service in various roles, including as messenger, ambulance, draught, and guard dogs. The Deutscher Rottweiler-Klub (DRK, ''German Rottweiler Club''), the first Rottweiler club in Germany, was founded on 13 January 1914, and followed by the creation of the Süddeutscher Rottweiler-Klub (SDRK, ''South German Rottweiler Club'') on 27 April 1915 and eventually became the IRK (International Rottweiler Club). The DRK counted around 500 Rottweilers, and the SDRK 3000 Rottweilers. The goals of the two clubs were different. The DRK aimed to produce working dogs and did not emphasise the morphology of the Rottweiler. The various German Rottweiler Clubs amalgamated to form the Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiler Klub (ADRK, ''General German Rottweiler Club'') in 1921. This was officially recorded in the register of clubs and associations at the district court of Stuttgart on 27 January 1924.〔Pienkoss, 2008.〕 The ADRK is recognised worldwide as the home club of the Rottweiler. In 1931 the Rottweiler was officially recognised by the American Kennel Club.〔("Get to Know the Rottweiler" ), 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 29 May 2014〕 In 1936, Rottweilers were exhibited in Britain at Crufts. In 1966, a separate register was opened for the breed. In fact, in the mid-1990s, the popularity of the Rottweiler reached an all-time high with it being the most registered dog by the American Kennel Club. In 2013, the American Kennel Club ranked the Rottweiler as the 9th most popular purebreed in the United States.〔(American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends ), ''The American Kennel Club'', Retrieved 29 May 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rottweiler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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