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Zinovy Petrovich Rozhestvensky〔Рожественский. Several other transliterations are also known in English texts. See Rozhestvensky (disambiguation) for more information.〕 ((ロシア語:Зиновий Петрович Рожественский)) ( – January 14, 1909) was an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy. He was in command of the Second Pacific Squadron in the Battle of Tsushima, during the Russo-Japanese War. Under Admiral Rozhestvensky's command, the Russian navy holds the record of sailing an all-steel, coal-powered battleship fleet over one way to engage an enemy in decisive battle (Battle of Tsushima), selecting the , one of four brand new battleships of the French-designed ''Borodino'' class, as his flagship for the voyage to the Pacific. ==Early naval career== Rozhestvensky was the son of a physician from St Petersburg, and joined the Imperial Russian Navy at the age of 17.〔Kowner, '' Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War'', p. 340-326-327.〕 He graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps, where he mastered English and French, in 1868, and the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy in 1873. He initially served with the Baltic Fleet as a gunnery officer.〔Pleshakov p. 40〕 In 1876 he transferred to the Black Sea Fleet. During the Russo Turkish War Rozhestvensky served on board the gunboat ''Vesta''. On June 10, 1877 six torpedo boats, five of which were armed with spar torpedoes, attempted to attack four ironclads of the Ottoman Navy at Sulina. Rozhestvensky volunteered to lead the first attack against the Turkish warships but his torpedo boat became caught up in the ''rope boom'' defenses that protected the enemy ships. The attack was beaten back by Turkish gunfire which destroyed one torpedo boat and the remaining boats withdrew, leaving the enemy ironclads intact.〔Watts p. 16〕 In July 1877 while still assigned to the ''Vesta'', he engaged and damaged an Ottoman battleship, the ''Fethi-Bulend'' in a five-hour battle. Rozhestvensky was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir and Order of St George for this action and was promoted to lieutenant commander. However, after the war he revealed in a newspaper article that he had falsified his reports, and that the overloaded ''Fethi-Bulend'' escaped with only minor damage. However, this revelation had no adverse impact on his career.〔 From 1883 to 1885 Rozhestensky was seconded to the newly formed Bulgarian Navy.〔 He also designed a defense plan for the Bulgarian coastline, and was one of the founders of the Technology Association of Bulgaria. Rozhestensky returned to Russian service and was senior officer on the battery ship ''Kreml'' and the cruiser . He then commanded the clipper ''Naezdnik'' and gunboat ''Grozyachiy''. In 1891-93 he was naval attaché to London. In 1894 he commanded the 〔 which was part of the Russian Mediterranean Squadron under the command of Admiral Stepan Makarov. In 1896-98 he commanded the coast defence ship ''Pervenets''. In 1898 he was promoted to rear admiral and became commander of the gunnery school of the Baltic Fleet. In 1900 he commanded the salvage operation for the . In 1902 he was appointed Chief of the Naval Staff and proposed a plan for strengthening the Imperial Russian Navy in the Far East. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zinovy Rozhestvensky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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