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RpoN
The gene ''rpoN'' (RNA polymerase, nitrogen-limitation N) encodes the sigma factor ''sigma-54'' (σ54, sigma N, or RpoN), a protein in ''Escherichia coli'' and other species of bacteria. RpoN antagonizes RpoS sigma factors. == Biological role == Originally identified as a regulator of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and assimilation under nitrogen limiting conditions,〔Hunt TP, Magasanik B (1985) Transcription of glnA by purified Escherichia colicomponents: core RNA polymerase and the products of glnF, glnG, and glnL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8453–8457. PMID 2867543 doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8453〕 ''E. coli'' σ54 has since been shown to play important regulatory roles in a variety of other cellular processes. Similarly, σ54 homologues in other species regulate a wide range of processes, including flagellar synthesis and virulence.〔Tsang J, Hoover TR (2014) Themes and Variations: Regulation of RpoN-Dependent Flagellar Genes across Diverse Bacterial Species. Scientifica 2014: 681754. doi: 10.1155/2014/681754. PMID 24672734〕
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