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Rubāʿī ((ペルシア語:رباعی) ''rubāʿī'', "quatrain")〔The word is derived from Arabic , from the root (r-b-ʿ), related to "four". JM Cowan, (editor). ''The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', Spoken Language Services, 1976, ISBN 0-87950-001-8, p. 323〕 is a poetry style. It is used to describe a Persian quatrain (a stanza or poem of four lines), or its derivative form in English and other languages. The plural form of the word, ''rubāʿiyāt'' (), often anglicised ''rubaiyat'', is used to describe a collection of such quatrains.〔 (A Brief History of Persian Literature ), by the Iran Chamber Society〕 There are a number of possible rhyme schemes to the rubaiyat form, e.g. AABA, AAAA.〔''Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'', Princeton University Press, 1974, p.611〕 In Persian verse, the ruba'i is usually written as a four-line (or two-couplet) poem, with rhymes at the middle and end of each line.〔Introduction to ''The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam,'' translated by Peter Avery and John-Heath Stubbs, Penguin Classics, 1981, ISBN 0-14-044384-3, p. 9 ()〕〔''The Cambridge History of Iran, v. 4,'' edited by R. N. Frye, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, pgs. 633-634 ()〕〔Elwell-Sutton, L. P. "The Foundations of Persian Prosody and Metrics," ''Iran,'' v. 13 (1975), p. 92.〕 An author described; " basically Ruba'i belongs to Persia and its metres had been created by a non-Arab poet Abul Hassan Rodeki and that was also brought into practice by non-Arab and Urdu poets. Ruba'i (quatrain) has special metres containing 24 categories (one can say "divisions" or "branches" too). Ruba'i can only be composed in those special metres, not any other normal meter. Ruba'i consists of only four lines, its two lines called 'Sehr' (Stanza). Ruba'i's first and second line must end in rhyme (example-as behold and cold.), third without rhyme, but within 24 special metres, that cannot be changed and fourth line again in the selected rhyme, but that fourth line (misra) contains high, strong and complete and deep meanings, that must be related with above three lines. These should be addressed only one point or subject, not as like ghazals or other forms of the poetry have." This is an example from Molavi's ''Ruba'iyyat from Divan-e Shams.'' :Anwâr-é Salâhu'd-dîn bar angêkhta bâd :dar dîda-wo jân-é `âshiq-ân rêkhta bâd :har jân ke laTîf gasht-o az lutf gozasht :bâ khâk-é Salâhu'd-dîn dar âmêkhta bâd :(May the splendors of Salahuddin be roused, :and poured into the eyes and souls of the lovers. :May every soul that has become refined and has surpassed refinement :Be mingled with the dust of Salahuddin!) ==Ruba'i in English== The verse form AABA as used in English verse is known as the Rubaiyat Quatrain due to its use by Edward FitzGerald in his famous 1859 translation, ''The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam''. Algernon Charles Swinburne, one of the first admirers of FitzGerald's translation of Khayyam's medieval Persian verses, was the first to imitate the stanza form, which subsequently became popular and was used widely, as in the case of Robert Frost's 1922 poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening". Fitzgerald's translation became so popular by the turn of the century that hundreds of American humorists wrote parodies using the form and, to varying degrees, the content of his stanzas, including The Rubaiyat of Ohow Dryyam, The Rubaiyat of A Persian Kitten, The Rubaiyat of Omar Cayenne and The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, Jr. ''sample:'' Goblet a Ruba'i of Omar Khayyám translated by Edward FitzGerald:〔(The most famous translation ... 1859 by Edward J. Fitzgerald. ) ''okonlife.com''〕 At dawn came a calling from the tavern Hark drunken mad man of the cavern Arise; let us fill with wine one more turn Before destiny fills our cup, our urn. In extended sequences of ruba'i stanzas, the convention is sometimes extended so that the unrhymed line of the current stanza becomes the rhyme for the following stanza. The structure can be made cyclical by linking the unrhymed line of the final stanza back to the first stanza: ZZAZ. These more stringent systems were not, however, used by FitzGerald in his ''Rubaiyat''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ruba'i」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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