|
The Rubicon (Latin: ''Rubico'', Italian: ''Rubicone'') is both the name of a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna, and the name historically given to a river that was famously crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 B.C.E. While it has not been proven, historians generally agree that the two rivers are indeed one and the same; this was not always the case. The modern-day river runs for about 80 kilometers, from the Apennine Mountains to the Adriatic Sea through the southern Emilia-Romagna region, between the towns of Rimini and Cesena. The Latin word ''ラテン語:rubico'' comes from the adjective ''ラテン語:rubeus'', meaning "red". The river was so named because its waters are colored red by mud deposits. ==History== During the Roman republic, the river Rubicon marked the boundary between the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north-east and Italy proper (controlled directly by Rome and its ''socii'' (allies)) to the south. On the north-western side, the border was marked by the river Arno, a much wider and more important waterway, which flows westward from the Apennine Mountains (its source is not far from Rubicon's source) into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Governors of Roman provinces were appointed promagistrates with ''imperium'' (roughly, "right to command") in their province(s). The governor would then serve as the general of the Roman army within the territory of his province(s). Roman law specified that only the elected magistrates (consuls and praetors) could hold ''imperium'' within Italy. Any promagistrate who entered Italy at the head of his troops forfeited his ''imperium'' and was therefore no longer legally allowed to command troops. Exercising ''imperium'' when forbidden by the law was a capital offense. Furthermore, obeying the commands of a general who did not legally possess ''imperium'' was also a capital offense. If a general entered Italy whilst exercising command of an army, both the general and his soldiers became outlaws and were automatically condemned to death. Generals were thus obliged to disband their armies before entering Italy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rubicon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|