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Rugby is a market town in Warwickshire, England, on the River Avon. The town has a population of 70,628 (2011 census〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-westmidlands.php?cityid=E35001272 )〕) making it the second largest town in the county. The enclosing Borough of Rugby has a population of 100,500 (2011 census). Rugby is 13 miles (21 km) east of Coventry, on the eastern edge of Warwickshire, near the borders with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. The town is credited with being the birthplace of rugby football. ==History== :''Main article History of Rugby'' Early Iron age settlement existed in the Rugby area, and a few miles outside what is now Rugby, existed a Roman settlement known as ''Tripontium''. Rugby was originally a small Anglo-Saxon farming settlement, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Rocheberie''. Rugby obtained a charter to hold a market in 1255, and soon developed into a small country market town. The name's likeliest origin is Anglo-Saxon ''Hrōca burh'' or similar = "Rook fort", where Rook may be the bird or may be a man's name. Another theory is that the name is originally derived from an old Celtic name ''Droche-brig'' meaning "wild hilltop". The change to -''by'' is because of Viking influence: there are other place names ending in ''-by'' in the area ('By' meaning town in Norwegian, Swedish and Danish even today). Rugby School was founded in 1567 with money left in the will of Lawrence Sheriff, a locally born grocer, who moved to London and earned his fortune. Rugby School was originally intended as a school for local boys, but over time became a mostly fee-paying private school. The Lawrence Sheriff School was eventually founded in the late 19th century to carry on Sheriff's original intentions. Rugby remained a sleepy country market town until the 19th century and the coming of the railways. In 1838 the London and Birmingham Railway was constructed past it, and in 1840 the Midland Counties Railway made a junction with the London and Birmingham at Rugby. Rugby became an important railway junction, and the proliferation of rail yards and workshops attracted workers. Rugby's population grew from just 2,500 in 1835, to over 10,000 by the 1880s.〔(Rugby local history group )〕 In 1836 Edward James Morris, a local inventor, developed the first steam engine used to drive the machinery in the local cotton mill, which can still be seen running today. In the 1890s and 1900s heavy engineering industries began to set up in the town, and Rugby rapidly grew into a major industrial centre. Rugby expanded rapidly in the early decades of the 20th century as workers moved in. By the 1940s, the population of Rugby had grown to over 40,000.〔(Rugby local history group )〕 In the postwar years, Rugby became well served by the motorway network, with the M1 and M6 merging close to the town. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rugby, Warwickshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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