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Rugby league football,〔 * * * * * * *〕 usually called rugby league, or simply league, is a full contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field.〔 One of the two codes of rugby football, it originated in England in 1895 as a split from the Rugby Football Union over the issue of payments to players.〔Tony Collins, ''Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain'' (2006), p.3〕 Its rules gradually changed with the purpose of producing a faster, more entertaining game for spectators. It has been cited as the toughest, most physically demanding of team sports.〔 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 〕 In rugby league, points are scored by carrying or kicking the ball down the field and touching it to the ground beyond the opposing team's goal line; this is called a ''try'', and is the primary method of scoring. The opposing team attempts to stop the attacking side scoring points by tackling the player carrying the ball.〔 In addition to tries, points can be scored by kicking goals. After each try, the scoring team gains a free kick to ''try at goal'' with a conversion for further points.〔 Kicks at goal may also be awarded for penalties, and field goals can be attempted at any time. Rugby league is a popular sport in England, especially among towns in the historic counties of Lancashire, Yorkshire and Cumberland,〔("Rugby League World Cup 2013 will provide the sport with a true test of its popularity" ). The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 September 2015〕 in Australia, especially in the states of Queensland and New South Wales, in New Zealand,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Zealand Sport )〕 in France and in Papua New Guinea,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rugby League, a uniting force in PNG )〕 where it is the national sport. The European Super League and Australasian National Rugby League (NRL) are the premier club competitions. Rugby league is played internationally, predominantly by European, Australasian and Pacific Island countries, and is governed by the Rugby League International Federation. The first Rugby League World Cup was held in France in 1954; the current holders are Australia.〔https://books.google.com.au/books?id=lpDdBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=rugby+league+popularity+united+kingdom&source=bl&ots=A9kxJfXizo&sig=PsgU8D3k2Hqw5FgnYsBv2tdldQo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Vv5uVc_MLsGE8gXziIDIDw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=rugby%20league%20popularity%20united%20kingdom&f=false〕 == Etymology == ''Rugby league football'' takes its name from the bodies that split to create a new form of rugby football, distinct from that run by the ''Rugby Football Unions'', in Britain, Australia and New Zealand between 1895 and 1908. The first of these, the Northern Rugby Football Union, was established in 1895 as a breakaway faction of England's Rugby Football Union (RFU). Both organisations played the game under the same rules at first, although the Northern Union began to modify rules almost immediately, thus creating a new faster paced form of rugby football. Similar breakaway factions split from RFU-affiliated unions in Australia and New Zealand in 1907 and 1908, renaming themselves "rugby football ''league''s" and introducing Northern Union rules.〔''(Why Rugby League? )'' at Crusaders Rugby League website〕 In 1922, the Northern Union also changed its name to the Rugby Football League〔 〕 and thus over time the sport itself became known as "rugby league" football. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rugby league」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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