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Rugelach (; ; (イディッシュ語:רוגעלך)), other spellings: rugelakh, rugulach, rugalach, ruggalach, rogelach (all plural), rugalah, rugulah, rugala (singular), is a Jewish pastry of Ashkenazic origin. Traditional rugelach are made in the form of a crescent by rolling a triangle of dough around a filling.〔Joan Nathan, (Joan Nathan's Jewish Holiday Cookbook ), Schocken, 2004; page 284.〕〔Judith M. Fertig, (All American Desserts ), Harvard Common Press, 2003; page 135.〕 Some sources state that the rugelach and the French croissant share a common Viennese ancestor, crescent-shaped pastries commemorating the lifting of the Turkish siege,〔Gil Marks, (The World of Jewish Cooking ), Simon and Schuster, 1996; page 326.〕 possibly a reference to the Battle of Vienna in 1683. This appears to be an urban legend however, as both the rugelach and its supposed ancestor, the Kipferl, pre-date the Early Modern era, while the croissant in its modern form did not originate earlier than the 19th century (see viennoiserie). This leads many to believe that the croissant is simply a descendant of one of these two. An alternative form is constructed much like a strudel or nut roll, but unlike those, the rolled dough and filling are cut into slices before baking.〔Joseph Amendola and Nicole Rees, (The Baker's Manual ), Wiley, 2003; page 223.〕 ==Etymology== The name is Yiddish, the Jewish language of eastern Europe. The ''ach'' ending (ך) indicates plural, while the ''el'' (ל) can be a diminutive, as, for example, ''shtetlekh'' (שטעטלעך, villages) is the plural of ''shtetl'' (שטעטל, village), the diminutive of ''shtot'' (שטאָט, town). In this case, the root means something like "twist" so the translation would be "little twists," a reference to the shape of this cookie.〔 In this context, note that ''rog'' (ראָג) means "corner" in Yiddish,.〔Alexander Harkavy, (A Dictionary of the Yiddish Language ), 1898; page 312.〕 In Polish, which influenced (and was in turn influenced by) Yiddish, "róg" can mean "corner", but can also means "horn"—both the kind on an animal and the musical kind. Croissant-shaped pastries, which look like horns, are called in Polish "rogale" :pl:Rogal świętomarciński. That word is almost identical in pronunciation and meaning to the Yiddish "rugelach". Alternatively, some assert that the root is ''rugel'', meaning ''royal'', possibly a reference to the taste.〔Lois Young-Tulin, Chapter 5: Mandelbrot, Rugelach and a Family Quilt, in (Jewish Mothers Tell their Stories ), Hayworth Press, 2000; page 45〕 This explanation is in conflict with Yiddish usage, where the word ''keniglich'' (קעניגליךּ) is the dominant word meaning ''royal''.〔Alexander Harkavy, (A Dictionary of the Yiddish Language ), 1898; page 308.〕 Finally, in modern Hebrew, they are known as ''roglìt'' (רוֹגְלִית), a postbiblical Hebrew word meaning "trailing vines".〔Ernest Klein, (A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language ), McMillan, 1987; page 609.〕 The Yiddish word ''ruglach'' probably came first. The modern Hebrew is probably a neologism, chosen for its similarity to the Yiddish and its descriptive meaning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rugelach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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