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The ''Rukunegara'' or sometimes ''Rukun Negara'' (Malay for "National Principles") is the Malaysian declaration of national philosophy instituted by royal proclamation on Merdeka Day, 1970, in reaction to a serious race riot known as the May 13 Incident which occurred in 1969. The incident proved at that time that Malaysian racial balance and stability was fragile. Immediately thereafter, the Malaysian government sought ways to foster unity among the various races in Malaysia. One of the methods used to encourage unity is the ''Rukunegara''. The word ''Rukunegara'' can refer to the whole declaration, the words after the preamble (beginning ''Maka kami...'') or the five principles alone. The formulation of the principles of the Rukun Negara was the efforts of the National Consultative Council (Majlis Perundingan Negara or MAPEN), headed by Tun Abdul Razak. The aim of the Rukun Negara is to create harmony and unity among the various races in Malaysia (Jeong & Nor Fadzlina, 2012; 2007). Thereafter, the New Economic Policy (1971-1990) was launched in 1971, the aim was to create unity among the various races in Malaysia, through economic equality, via the reduction of the economic gap among the Malays and Bumiputera, with that of the Chinese in Malaysia. ==Malay text== BAHAWASANYA NEGARA KITA MALAYSIA mendukung cita-cita hendak: * mencapai perpaduan yang lebih erat di kalangan seluruh masyarakatnya; * memelihara satu cara hidup demokratik; * mencipta satu masyarakat adil di mana kemakmuran Negara akan dapat dinikmati bersama secara adil dan saksama; * menjamin satu cara liberal terhadap tradisi-tradisi kebudayaannya yang kaya dan berbagai corak; dan * membina satu masyarakat progresif yang akan menggunakan sains dan teknologi moden. ''MAKA KAMI, rakyat Malaysia, berikrar akan menumpukan seluruh tenaga dan usaha kami untuk mencapai cita-cita tersebut berdasarkan atas prinsip-prinsip yang berikut : * ''KEPERCAYAAN KEPADA TUHAN; * ''KESETIAAN KEPADA RAJA DAN NEGARA; * ''KELUHURAN PERLEMBAGAAN; * ''KEDAULATAN UNDANG-UNDANG; * ''KESOPANAN DAN KESUSILAAN'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rukunegara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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