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Rumelia
Rumelia ((トルコ語:Rumeli); (ボスニア語:Rumelija), (ギリシア語:Ρωμυλία), ''Romylía'', or Ρούμελη, ''Roúmeli''; (アルバニア語:Rumelia); (セルビア語:Rumelija) and (ブルガリア語:Румелия), ''Rumeliya'') was a historical term describing the area now referred to as the Balkans or the Balkan Peninsula when it was administered by the Ottoman Empire.
==Etymology==
The term Rûm means "Roman", while Rumelia (Turkish: ''Rumeli'') means "Land of the Romans" in Turkish, referring to the lands conquered by the Ottoman Turks from the Byzantine Empire, at the time still known as the Roman Empire; the neologism "Byzantine Empire" was coined in 1557 by German historian Hieronymus Wolf, in his work ''Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ''.〔(Encyclopaedia Britannica – Rumelia ) at Encyclopædia Britannica.com〕 As such, it was long used in Greek, Turkish, Albanian and the Slavic languages to describe the lands of that empire.
Originally, the Seljuk Turks used the name "Land of the Rûm" (Romans) for defining Anatolia, which was gradually conquered by the armies of the Seljuk Empire from the Byzantine Empire following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307) meant the "Sultanate of Anatolia".
However, following the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Anatolia and the Balkans starting from the second half of the 14th century, and the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 by Mehmed II, the term ''Rumeli'' (Land of the Romans) was applied exclusively to define the Balkan regions of the Ottoman Empire, which remained primarily populated by Christians. In accordance with the religion-based Ottoman Millet system, the Orthodox Christian people of the region often collectively referred to themselves (and were referred to by the Muslim Turks) as the ''Millet-i Rûm'' (Nation of Romans), until the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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