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''Rundbogenstil'' (Round-arch style), one of the nineteenth-century historic revival styles of architecture, is a variety of Romanesque revival popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora. ==History and description== The style was the deliberate creation of German architects seeking a German national style of architecture, particularly Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863).〔Bergdoll, Barry, ''European Architecture, 1750-1890,'' Oxford, 2000, pp. 184-9〕〔Kathleen Curran, ''The Romanesque Revival: Religion, Politics, and Transnational Exchange,'' Penn State Press, 2003, p. 1 ff.〕〔James Stevens Curl, "Rundbogenstil", ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,'' 2000, Encyclopedia.com ()〕 It emerged in Germany as a response to and reaction against the neo-Gothic style that had come to the fore in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By adopting the smooth facade of late antique and medieval church architecture, it aimed to extend and develop the noble simplicity and quiet grandeur of neo-classicism, while moving in a direction more suited to the rise of industrialism and the emergence of German nationalism. Hallmarks of the style, in addition to the rounded arches from which it takes its name, include "eyebrows" over the windows and inverted crenelation under the eaves. ''Rundbogenstil'' was employed for a number of railway stations, including those in Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Munich, Tübingen, and Völklingen. These were typically "first generation" stations (built between 1835 and 1870); some were razed to be replaced by larger buildings. Those in Tübingen and Völklingen are still extant, while the Bayerischer Bahnhof in Leipzig is partially preserved. ''Rundbogenstil'' was also widely employed in synagogue architecture. The first in this style was the Kassel Synagogue designed by Heinrich Hübsch with Albrecht Rosengarten, built in the latter's native city Kassel, Hesse-Kassel, in 1839.〔Rachel Wischnitzer, ''The Architecture of the European Synagogue,'' Philadelphia: JPS, 1964, pp. 197-8〕 An early example in the United States is the Gates of Heaven Synagogue in Madison, Wisconsin, built in 1863 and designed by August Kutzbock, an immigrant from Bremen, Germany. Kutzbock also (co)designed secular buildings employing ''Rundbogenstil'', such as the Carrie Pierce House (1857) in Madison. It was restored in 2008 and adapted for use as a boutique hotel, known as the Mansion Hill Inn. Rundbogenstil architecture was extremely influential in England, with Alfred Waterhouse's buildings for what is now called the Natural History Museum (originally the British Museum Natural History Collection) in London showing a direct and self-conscious emulation of the style.〔Records of HM Office of Works, P.R.O., Works 17/16/2, National Archives, 4 March 1868.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rundbogenstil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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