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Ryūkōka
is a Japanese musical genre.〔貴志俊彦『東アジア流行歌アワー――越境する音 交錯する音楽人(The East Asia Pop Song Hour: Border-Crossing Sounds, Entangled Musicians)』岩波書店, 2013, ISBN 4000291157〕 The term originally denoted any kind of "popular music" in Japanese. Therefore, ''imayō'', which was promoted by Emperor Go-Shirakawa in the Heian period, was a kind of ''ryūkōka''. Today, however, ''ryūkōka'' refers specifically to Japanese popular music from the late 1920s through the early 1960s.〔Ewbank, Alison J. and Papageorgiou, Fouli T. ''(Whose Master's Voice?: The Development of Popular Music in Thirteen Cultures )''. ''Google Books''. via Greenwood Publishing Group. 1997. 160. ISBN 978-0-313-27772-6〕 Some of the roots of ''ryūkōka'' were developed from Western classical music. ''Ryūkōka'' ultimately split into two genres: ''enka'' and ''poppusu''.〔Roberson, James E. and Suzuki, Nobue. ''(Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan )''. ''Google Books''. via Routledge. 2003. 78. ISBN 978-0-415-24446-6〕 Unlike ''enka'', archetypal ''ryūkōka'' songs did not use the ''kobushi'' method of singing. ''Ryūkōka'' used legato. Bin Uehara and Yoshio Tabata are considered to be among the founders of the modern style of ''kobushi'' singing.
Many composers and singers of ''ryūkōka'' went on to earn official distinctions; Ichiro Fujiyama and composers Masao Koga and Ryoichi Hattori received the People's Honour Award in later years.
Although ''enka'' branched off from ''ryūkōka'', many singers of the latter genre proclaimed strong disdain for its stylistic descendant. In a 1981 interview, Noriko Awaya said "Whenever I hear ''enka'', I have to get away from the music because I feel like vomiting."〔Original text: "演歌を聴くと胸がムカムカするから、あれが聴こえてくると逃げ回るんです。"〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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