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Rímur
In Icelandic literature, a ''ríma'' (literally "a rhyme", pl. ''rímur'') is an epic poem written in any of the so-called ''rímnahættir'' ("rímur meters"). They are rhymed, they alliterate and consist of two to four lines per stanza.〔For a beginner's guide see Dick Ringler, ''Jónas Hallgrímsson: Selected Poetry and Prose'' (University of Wisconsin-Madison), http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/jonas/, §III.2A http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/jonas/Prosody/Prosody-II.html.〕 The plural, ''rímur'', is either used as an ordinary plural, denoting any two or more rímur, but is also used for more expansive works, containing more than one ríma as a whole. Thus ''Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar'' denotes an epic about Ólafr Haraldsson in one ríma, while ''Núma rímur'' are a multi-part epic on Numa Pompilius.
==Form==
''Rímur'', as the name suggests, rhyme, but like older Germanic alliterative verse, they also contain structural alliteration. ''Rímur'' are stanzaic, and stanzas normally have four lines. The are hundreds of ''ríma'' meters: counting variations (Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson provides 450 variations in his ''Háttatal''), but they can be grouped in approximately ten ''families''.〔(''Bragfræði og Háttatal'', by Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson )〕 The most common metre is ''ferskeytt''.〔Vésteinn Ólason, 'Old Icelandic Poetry', in ''A History of Icelandic Literature'', ed. by Daisy Nejmann, Histories of Scandinavian Literature, 5 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006), pp. 1-63 (pp. 55-59).〕
''Ríma''-poetry inherited kennings, heiti and other ornate features of medieval Icelandic poetic diction from skaldic verse.〔 The language of ''rímur'' is likewise influenced by the rhetorical devices associated with late medieval ''geblümter Stil'' ('flowery style').
When they are long — as they usually are — ''rímur'' usually comprise several distinct sections, each being called a ''ríma'', and each usually in a different metre. After the earliest ''rímur'', it became conventional to begin each ''ríma'' in a cycle with a ''mansöngr'', a lyric address, traditionally to or about a woman whom the poet supposedly loves, usually in vain.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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