|
A raga or raag (literally "colour, hue" but also "beauty, melody"; also spelled ''raaga'', ''ragam''; pronounced ''rāga'', or ''rāgam'' or "raag")〔"Raag" is the Hindi pronunciation used by Hindustani musicians; "ragam" is the pronunciation in Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada.〕 is one of the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. A raga uses a series of five to nine musical notes upon which a melody is constructed. However, the way the notes are approached and rendered in musical phrases and the mood they convey are more important in defining a raga than the notes themselves. In the Indian musical tradition, rāgas are associated with different times of the day, or with seasons. Indian classical music is always set in a rāga. Non-classical music such as popular Indian film songs and ghazals sometimes use rāgas in their compositions. Joep Bor of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music defined ''Raga'' as "tonal framework for composition and improvisation." Nazir Jairazbhoy, chairman of UCLA's department of ethnomusicology, characterized ragas as separated by scale, line of ascent and descent, transilience, emphasized notes and register, and intonation and ornaments. Pandit Jasraj describes the meaning of Raga as "''love''".〔 ==Terminology== The word ''rāga'' is derived from Sanskrit word which mean ''act of colouring'' or ''dyeing'' (the mind and mood/emotions in this context) and therefore metaphorically means 'any feeling or passion especially love, affection, sympathy, desire, interest, motivation, joy, or delight.' Therefore, the word is used in the literal sense of 'the act of dyeing,' and also 'color, hue, tint,' especially the color red in the Sanskrit epics, and in the figurative sense of 'something that colors one's emotions.' A figurative sense of the word as 'passion, love, desire, delight' is also found in the Mahabharata. The specialized sense of 'loveliness, beauty,' especially of voice or song, emerges in Classical Sanskrit, used by Kalidasa and in the Panchatantra.〔Monier-Williams, ''A Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' (1899)〕 The term first occurs in a technical context in the ''Brihaddeshi'' (dated ca. 5th to 8th century),〔Kaufmann(1968) p. 41〕 where it is described as "a combination of tones which, with beautiful illuminating graces, pleases the people in general". ''Rāginī'' (Devanagari: रागिनी) is a term for the "feminine" counterpart or "wife" to a rāga. The rāga-rāgini scheme from about the 14th century aligned 6 "male" rāgas with 6 "wives." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|