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Rûm (pronounced ), also transliterated as ''Roum'' or ''Rhum'' (in Koine Greek "Ρωμιοί" or "Romans", in Arabic الرُّومُ ''ar-Rūm'', Persian/Turkish ''Rûm'', from Middle Persian ''Rhōm''), is a generic term used at different times in Muslim world to refer to: * ethnocultural minorities such as the various Christian groups living in the Near East and their descendants — notably the Antiochian Greek Christians who are members of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and the Melkite Greek Catholic Church — of Syria, Lebanon, Northern Israel and the Hatay Province in Southern Turkey whose liturgy is still based on Koine Greek (called ''Al-Rûm'') * more generally, to non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire or citizens of Turkey (''Rûmi'' or ''Rûm'' in the broader sense, but that use is disappearing due to the quasi-extinction of Greek communities in Izmir, Istanbul, Cappadocia, and the Black Sea coast). * geographic areas such as the Balkans and Anatolia generally, to the Eastern Roman Empire in particular, or to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in Medieval Turkey. The name derives from the Greek word Ρωμιοί (sg. ), a later form in Greek of ''Rhomaioi'', i.e. "Romans"; it refers to the Byzantine Empire which at the time was simply known as the "Roman Empire" and had not yet acquired the designation "Byzantine," which was only applied to the Empire after its dissolution. The city of Rome itself is known in Arabic as ''Rūmā''. The Arabic term ''Rûm'' is found in the pre-Islamic Namara inscription〔''Rûm'', Nadia El Cheikh, ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. VIII, ed. C.E. Bosworth, E. Van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (Brill, 1995), 601.〕 and later in the Quran.〔Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, ''Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs'', (Harvard University Press, 2004), 24.〕 In the Sassanian period (pre-Islamic Persia) the word ''Hrōmāy-īg'' meant "Roman" or "Byzantine", which was derived from ''Rhomaioi''. ==Origins== The Qur'an includes Surat Ar-Rum (i.e., the Sura dealing with "The Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines"). The people known as Byzantine Greeks, were the inhabitants of the Roman Empire, called themselves Ρωμιοί or Ρωμαίοι ''Rhomaioi'', Romans — the term "Byzantine" is a modern designation, used to describe the Eastern Roman Empire, particularly after the major political restructuring of the seventh and eighth century. The Arabs, therefore naturally called them "the Rûm", their territory "the land of the Rûm", and the Mediterranean "the Sea of the Rûm." They called ancient Greece by the name "Yūnān" (Ionia) and ancient Greeks "Yūnānī" (similar with Hebrew "Yavan" () for the country and "Yevanim" () for the people). The ancient Romans were called either "Rūm" or sometimes "Latin'yun" (Latins). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rûm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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