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''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' is a species of yeast. It is perhaps the most useful yeast, having been instrumental to winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-color fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle). It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, much like ''Escherichia coli'' as the model bacterium. It is the microorganism behind the most common type of fermentation. ''S. cerevisiae'' cells are round to ovoid, 5–10 μm in diameter. It reproduces by a division process known as budding. Many proteins important in human biology were first discovered by studying their homologs in yeast; these proteins include cell cycle proteins, signaling proteins, and protein-processing enzymes. ''S. cerevisiae'' is currently the only yeast cell known to have Berkeley bodies present, which are involved in particular secretory pathways. Antibodies against ''S. cerevisiae'' are found in 60–70% of patients with Crohn's disease and 10–15% of patients with ulcerative colitis (and 8% of healthy controls). ==Etymology== "''Saccharomyces''" derives from Latinized Greek and means "sugar-mold" or "sugar-fungus", ''saccharo'' (σάκχαρις) being the combining form "sugar" and ''myces'' (μύκης, genitive μύκητος) being "fungus". ''Cerevisiae'' comes from Latin and means "of beer". Other names for the organism are: * ''S. cerevisiae'' short form of the scientific name * Brewer's yeast, though other species are also used in brewing * Ale yeast * Top-fermenting yeast * Baker's yeast〔 * Ragi yeast, in connection to making Tapai * Budding yeast This species is also the main source of nutritional yeast and yeast extract. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saccharomyces cerevisiae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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