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SATB
In music, SATB is an initialism for soprano, alto, tenor, bass, defining the voices required by a chorus or choir to perform a particular musical work. Pieces written for SATB (the most common combination, and used by most hymn tunes) can be sung by choruses of mixed genders, by choirs of men and boys, or by four soloists.
There is a lack of general agreement on other initialisms/abbreviations. ''Tr'' for Treble, ''Mz'' (or similar) for Mezzo-soprano, ''Ba'', ''Bar'' or ''Bari'' for Baritone are self-explanatory, while ''C'' could be taken for ''canto'', the highest part, or for Contralto, usually implying a female alto(s) as opposed to a Countertenor (''Ct''). ''SCTB'' is commonly found in Romantic Italian opera choruses where the Alto singers portray a group of female protagonists on stage.
''SATB div.'' (divisi, or divided) denotes that one or more individual parts divide into two or more parts at some point in the piece, often sharing the same staff. A single choir with two of each voice type should be written ''SSAATTBB'', unless it is laid out for two identical choirs, in which case it is ''SATB/SATB''. Soloists are written in small type, e.g. ''satb/SATB''. In both these instances a space may be substituted for the slash (/). Publishers usually include such descriptions in their catalogues of choral works, although many fail to provide sufficient detail, commonly omitting, for example, the term ''div.'' where it is required fully to describe the resources required by the composer. Also misleading can be the use of B for a Baritone part or S for an Mz part as for example in Stanford's motet "Eternal Father" which, though marked SSATBB, is for one each of soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone and bass.
==Early music==
In early music, particularly that of the Renaissance, the use of the terms soprano, alto, tenor and bass for the voice parts should not be taken in the modern sense of defining which voices are to be used. This is because much 4-voice vocal music of the time possesses the narrower overall range typical of men's voice music with a countertenor on the top (soprano) part. Appropriate downward transposition based on chiavette should always be considered.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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