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A ''symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast'', or SCOBY is a popular term (rather than scientific) used to refer to mixed cultures of bacteria and yeast present during production of kombucha. The term "colony" in the name is a scientific misnomer, because it implies a group of genetically identical or nearly identical organisms living together. For this reason, the acronym is essentially absent in the biomedical literature. The species comprising the mixed cultures vary from preparation to preparation, but generally include ''Acetobacter'' bacterial species, as well as various ''Saccharomyces'' and other yeast types. SCOBY cultures used in beverage production can produce a structure referred to as a ''mushroom,'' which is also biologically misleading, because mushrooms are a completely unrelated group of fungi. ==Composition== Yeast and bacteria commonly found in SCOBY include: * ''Acetobacter'' spp.: a collection of aerobic bacterial species producing acetic acid and gluconic acid, always found in Kombucha cultures, including ''Acetobacter ketogenum'' (see below for the related ''Gluconacetobacter'' species), and contributing to the SCOBY "mushroom"; * ''Saccharomyces'' spp.: a number of aerobic or anaerobic yeast species producing alcohol, the most common of yeasts in Kombucha cultures, including ''S. ludwigii'', ''S. apiculatus'', and ''S. cerevisiae''; * ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'': a yeast species, commonly called "fission yeast"; * ''Brettanomyces'' spp.: aerobic or anaerobic strains commonly found in Kombucha cultures producing either alcohol or acetic acid; * ''Lactobacillus'': aerobic bacteria sometimes but not always found in Kombucha cultures, producing lactic acid and slime; * ''Pediococcus'' spp.: anaerobic bacteria producing lactic acid and slime, sometimes, but not always found in the Kombucha culture; * ''Gluconacetobacter xylinus'': anaerobic bacteriathat ferments alcohols produced by the yeasts, producing acetic and other acids, increasing the drink's acidity and limiting ethanol content; * ''Gluconacetobacter kombuchae'': an anaerobic bacteria unique to kombucha that feeds on nitrogen compounds in tea, producing acetic and gluconic acids, and building the SCOBY "mushroom"; * * ''Zygosaccharomyces'' spp.: including '' Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis,'' a yeast strain that is unique to Kombucha cultures, producing alcohol and carbonation and contributing to the SCOBY "mushroom." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SCOBY」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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