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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion or SIADH (other names: Schwartz-Bartter syndrome, SIAD—syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland or another source. The increase in blood volume (hypervolemia) often results in dilutional hyponatremia in which the plasma sodium levels are lowered and total body fluid is increased. It was originally described in people with small-cell carcinoma of the lung, but it can be caused by a number of underlying medical conditions. The treatment may consist of fluid intake restriction, various medicines, and management of the underlying cause. Salt administration may help prevent cerebral edema by increasing osmotic pressure in the bloodstream, preventing fluid buildup in tissue. SIADH was first described in 1957.
==Signs and symptoms==
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