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National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
The National Liberation Front (abbreviated NLF) ((マケドニア語:Народно Ослободителен Фронт (НОФ)), transliterated ''National Liberation Front''), also known as the People's Liberation Front, was a communist political and military organization created by the Macedonian minority in Greece. The organization operated from 1945–1949, most prominently in the Greek Civil War. As far as its ruling cadres were concerned its participation in the Greek Civil War was nationalist rather than communist, with the goal of secession from Greece.
==Background==
The 'Macedonian Question' surfaced after the Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913, following division of the region of Macedonia amongst the Kingdom of Greece, the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Serbia. During Ottoman rule, the Slavic-speaking population in Macedonia was under the influence of the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Greek Patriarchate and their education system, which resulted in the strengthening of Bulgarian, Greek, and Serb identities among the citizens.
After the Balkan Wars, a new consciousness arrived among the Slavic-speaking population - an ethnic Macedonian one. While the ethnic Macedonian nationalist movement started back in the 19th century, the idea of an ethnic Macedonian conscience and identity gained momentum between the two World Wars, and developed during World War II when ethnic Macedonian institutions were created in the three parts of Macedonia. The first revolutionary organization that promoted the existence of a separate ethnic Macedonian nation was IMRO (United), composed of former left-wing Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) members. This idea was backed by the Comintern, which issued a declaration in 1934 supporting the development of Macedonia as a separate entity and recognizing a Macedonian nationality.This action was attacked by the IMRO, but was supported by the Balkan communists, including the Greek Communist Party, which created a Macedonian section within the party headed by Andreas Tsipas and supported the national consolidation of the ethnic Macedonian minority within Greece.
Stathis Kalyvas, professor of History at Princeton University in his book ''The Logic of Violence in Civil War'' published by Cambridge University Press notes on that as far as its leading cadres were concerned NLF was a nationalist rather than communist armed group:
Importantly, however, the nature of the Slav Macedonians’ participation in the Greek Civil War (at least at the elite level) was nationalist rather than Communist. The Communists were convenient allies in a struggle that was supposed to lead to secession from Greece and a merger with the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.For the NLF “it was primarily a national struggle, a battle for the national liberation of the Macedonians in Aegean Macedonia. (Rossos 1997:42,43-4,64,42).〔
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