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Gruppenführer
''Gruppenführer'' (literally “group leader”) was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA.
==SS rank==
In 1930, ''Gruppenführer'' became an SS rank and was originally bestowed upon those officers who commanded ''SS-Gruppen'' and also upon senior officers of the SS command staff. In 1932, the SS was reorganized and the ''SS-Gruppen'' were reformed into ''SS-Abschnitte''. A ''Gruppenführer'' commanded an ''SS-Abschnitt'' while a new rank, that of ''Obergruppenführer'', oversaw the ''SS-Oberabschnitte'' which were the largest SS units in Germany.
Initially in the SA, NSKK, and SS, the rank of ''Gruppenführer'' was considered equivalent to a full general, but became regarded as equivalent to ''Generalleutnant'' after 1934. During the Second World War, when the ''Waffen-SS'' began using the rank, an ''SS-Gruppenführer'' was considered equal to a ''Generalleutnant'' in the ''Wehrmacht'' and was referred to as ''SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS''. ''Waffen-SS Gruppenführer'' also displayed the shoulder boards of a ''Wehrmacht Generalleutnant''.
The insignia for SS-''Gruppenführer'' consisted of three oak leaves centred on both collars of an SS uniform. From 1930 to 1942, the SS insignia was the same as the SA badge of rank; however the SS modified the ''Gruppenführer'' insignia slightly to include a collar pip (stern, a star), upon the creation of the rank ''SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer'' in April 1942.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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