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Saar (League of Nations)
The Territory of the Saar Basin ((ドイツ語:Saarbeckengebiet); (フランス語:Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre)) was a region of Germany occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate. Initially, the occupation was under the auspices of the Treaty of Versailles.〔Article 45-50 with Annex, Treaty of Versailles〕 Its population in 1933 was 812,000, and its capital was Saarbrücken.〔(Archontology.org: Saarland: Heads of Administration: 1920-1935 )〕 The territory closely corresponds with the modern German state of Saarland, but was slightly smaller in area.〔The extent of the territory is specified in Article 48, Treaty of Versailles〕 After a plebiscite was held in 1935, it was restored to Germany.
== Governing Commission ==
Under the Treaty of Versailles, the highly industrialized Saar Basin, including the Saar Coal District (), was to be occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France under a League of Nations mandate for a period of fifteen years. Its coalfields were also to be ceded to France. During this time, the Saar Territory was governed by the five-person ''Governing Commission''〔Cf. Paragraph 23, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45–50, Treaty of Versailles.〕 (; Reko) made up of representatives of the occupation forces. Under the terms of the mandate, the Commission had to include at least one French person and one German resident of the Saar.〔Paragraph 16-17, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45-50, Treaty of Versailles.〕 After that time, a plebiscite would be implemented to determine the Saar's future status.
The Territory comprised the portions of the Prussian Rhenish Trier Region and the Bavarian Region of the Rhenish Palatinate, which had a significant number of the miners, working in the Saar coal mines, among the population. It issued its own postage stamps and currency (the Saar franc).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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