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The Sabaeans or Sabeans ((アラビア語:السبئيون) ) ((ヘブライ語:סבא)) were an ancient people speaking an Old South Arabian language who lived in what is today Yemen, in the south west of the Arabian Peninsula.〔Stuart Munro-Hay, ''Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity'', 1991.〕 Sabeans inhabited the Biblical land of Sheba, a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years in modern-day Yemen. Modern archaeological studies support the view that the biblical kingdom of Sheba was the ancient Semitic civilization of Sabaeans in Yemen,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia )〕〔Adolf Grohmann, Arabia Volume 3, Issue 1, Part 3 p. 122〕〔PHILBY, H. ST. John B. THE LAND OF SHEBA London: Royal Geographical Society, 1938 p. 445 〕〔Israel Finkelstein, Neil Asher Silberman,''David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition'' p. 171〕〔(''Saba'' britannica last retrieved April 18 2013 )〕 between 1200 BCE until 275 CE with its capital Marib.〔Kenneth A. Kitchen : The World of Ancient Arabia Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework and Historical Sources p.110〕〔"Sabaʾ." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013〕 The Kingdom fell after a long but sporadic civil war between several Yemenite dynasties claiming kingship,〔D. H. Muller, 1891; Mordtmann, Himyarische Inschriften, 1893 p. 53〕〔Javad Ali,The articulate in the history of Arabs before Islam Volume 2 p. 420〕 resulting in the rise of the late Himyarite Kingdom. Sabaeans are mentioned in the biblical books of Job, Joel, Ezekiel, and Isaiah., and in ayat 2:62, 5:69, and 22:17 of the Quran. ==History== The ancient Sabaean kingdom probably arose sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE.〔() Ronald Lewcock, ''The Old Walled City of Sana'a, UNESCO 1986, p.19〕 It was conquered, in the 1st century BCE, by the Ḥimyarites. After the disintegration of the first Himyarite Kingdom of the Kings of Saba' and Dhū Raydān, the Middle Sabaean Kingdom reappeared in the early 2nd century.〔Andrey Korotayev. ''Pre-Islamic Yemen''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1996. ISBN 3-447-03679-6.〕 The Sabaean kingdom was finally conquered by the Ḥimyarites in the late 3rd century and at that time the capital was Ma'rib. It was located along the strip of desert called Ṣayhad by medieval Arab geographers, which is now named Ramlat al-Sab`atayn. The Sabaean people were South Arabian people. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north in Wādī al-Jawf, the Sabeans on the south western tip, stretching from the highlands to the sea, the Qatabānians to the east of them and the Ḥaḑramites east of them. The Sabaeans, like the other Yemenite kingdoms of the same period, were involved in the extremely lucrative spice trade, especially frankincense and myrrh.〔(Yemen )〕 They left behind many inscriptions in the monumental Musnad (Old South Arabian) alphabet, as well as numerous documents in the cursive Zabūr script. The Book of Job mentions the Sabaens for slaying his livestock and servants. In the ''Res Gestae Divi Augusti'', Augustus claims that: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sabaeans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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