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The Sabir people or Savirs (''sbr''; (ギリシア語:Σάβιροι)) inhabited the south-western Caspian Depression of Strabo's Sauromatae (though they are not to be confused with the Sarmatians) prior to the arrival of the Caucasian Avars from Abarshahr (Khorasan).〔"Ancient Khwarezm" (Moscow 1948), Sergei Pavlovich Tolstov (1907-1976)〕 They appear to have been an Oghur Turkic people, possibly of Hunnic origin.〔 The name ''Sabir'' may be related to the name ''Siberia'' (which may itself be an alternative name for the Ugrian-speaking Mansi people) or with the far Eastern Hsien-pi.〔Christian, David. ''A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia''. Blackwell Publishing, 1998. Page 279.〕 The Sabir lived predominantly in the region of Azerbaijan (see Sabir, Azerbaijan) and Dagestan bounded on the east by the Caspian Sea, on the west by the Caucasus Mountains. Priscus mentions that the Sabir attacked the Saragur, Urog and Onogur tribes in 461, forcing them north to the Volga once more, as a result of having themselves been attacked by the "Avars".〔Priscus. Excerpta de legationibus. Ed. S. de Boor. Berolini, 1903, p. 586〕〔()〕 In 515, having recovered from the Avar attacks of the 460s, they "advertised their power in a huge raid south of the Caucasus, in which they attacked Iranian and Byzantine lands with scrupulous impartiality".〔Christian, pp.279-280.〕 They eventually came into allegiance with Persia. However, in the face of the increasing Avar threat, the Sabirs, previously allied with Sassanid Persia, switched their allegiance to the Byzantines in 552 and invaded the Caucasus. Soon afterwards, they were conquered first by the Avars and later by the Göktürks. By the 8th century they largely vanish from the historical record, probably being assimilated into the Khazars and Bulgars. Byzantine documents normally refer to Sabirs as ''Sabiroi'', although the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (908-959) writes in his ''De Administrando Imperio'' that he was told by a Hungarian delegation visiting his court that the ''Tourkoi'' (the Byzantine name for the Magyars) used to be called “''sabartoi asphaloi''”, generally considered to mean “strong/firm/reliable Sabirs”, and still regularly sent delegations to those who stayed behind in the Caucasus region near Persia.〔''De Administrando Imperio''〕 Dieter Ludwig suggested that the Khazars were Sabirs who had formed an alliance with the Uar of Khwarezm.〔Struktur und Gesellschaft, D. Ludwig, 1982)〕 The intimate ties between the Hungarians and the Sabirs led Lev Gumilev to speculate that rather than Oghuric they may have been Ugric speakers (both terms being of the same etymological origin), while Chuvash historians postulate that their nation is partially descended from Sabirs. They suggest that a Sabir tribe or fraction, called Suars, may have resettled in the Middle Volga region, where they later merged with Volga Bulgarians. Indeed, one of the foremost cities of Volga Bulgaria was called Suar or Suwar. According to ethnographic studies the Savirs also lived in the mountains of present-day Balkaria and West Ossetia (Digoria). There is ethnonymic and toponymic evidence for that. For instance, Balkars, and sometimes Ossetians too, are called “Saviars” by the local Svan people of western Georgia. Ossetians also call the Digorian Gorge “Savari-kom”.〔A.Dz. Tsagaeva, Toponimiia Severnoi Osetii, Ordzhonikidze, 1971, Part 1, pp. 148, 188.〕〔(The Caucasus & Globalization. Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies. Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus. Volume 5, Issue 1-2. 2011, p.116. CA&CC Press. Sweden. )〕 ==See also== *Hungarian prehistory *Suars 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sabir people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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