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In ancient Roman religion, a ''sacellum'' is a small shrine. The word is a diminutive from ''sacer'' ("belonging to a god").〔Aulus Gellius, ''Attic Nights'' (7.12.5 ), discounting the etymology proffered by Gaius Trebatius in his lost work ''On Religions'' (as ''sacer'' + ''cella'').〕 The numerous ''sacella'' of ancient Rome included both shrines maintained on private properties by families, and public shrines. A ''sacellum'' might be square or round.〔 Varro and Verrius Flaccus describe ''sacella'' in ways that at first seem contradictory, the former defining a ''sacellum'' in its entirety as equivalent to a ''cella'',〔Varro, ''Res Divinae'' frg. 62 in the edition of Cardauns.〕 which is specifically an enclosed space, and the latter insisting that a ''sacellum'' had no roof.〔Verrius Flaccus as cited by Festus, p. 422.15–17 L: ''sacella dicuntur loca dis sacrata sine tecto.''〕 "Enclosure," however, is the shared characteristic, roofed over or not. "The ''sacellum''," notes Jörg Rüpke, "was both less complex and less elaborately defined than a temple proper."〔Jörg Rüpke, ''Religion of the Romans'' (Polity Press, 2007, originally published in German 2001), pp. 183–185.〕 The meaning can overlap with that of ''sacrarium'', a place where sacred objects ''(sacra)'' were stored or deposited for safekeeping.〔Ulpian, ''Digest'' I.8.9.2: ''sacrarium est locus in quo sacra reponuntur.''〕 The ''sacella'' of the Argei, for instance, are also called ''sacraria''.〔Ittai Gradel, ''Emperor Worship and Roman Religion'' (Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 10.〕 In private houses, the ''sacrarium'' was the part of the house where the images of the Penates were kept; the lararium was a form of ''sacrarium'' for the Lares. Both ''sacellum'' and ''sacrarium'' passed into Christian usage. Other Latin words for temple or shrine are ''aedes, aedicula, fanum, delubrum'' and ''templum'', though this last word encompasses the whole religiously sanctioned precinct. ==Cult maintenance of ''sacella''== Each curia had its own ''sacellum'' overseen by the ''celeres'', originally the bodyguard of the king, who preserved a religious function in later times.〔Dionysius Halicarnassus II 64, 3.〕 These were related to the ritual of the Argei, but probably there were other rites connected with these ''sacella''. A case tried in September 50 BC indicates that a public ''sacellum'' might be encompassed by a private property, with the expectation that it remain open to the public. It was alleged that the defendant, Ap. Claudius Pulcher, a censor at the time, had failed to maintain public access to a ''sacellum'' on his property.〔The plaintiff was Marcus Caelius Rufus, a curule aedile in 50 and two years later a praetor. Cicero, ''Ad familiares'' 8.12.3, and Livy 40.51.8; Michael C. Alexander, ''Trials in the Late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50 BC'' (University of Toronto Press, 1990), p. 169.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sacellum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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