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Sadducees
The Sadducees (; Hebrew: ''Ṣĕdûqîm'') were a sect or group of Jews that was active in Judea during the Second Temple period, starting from the second century BCE through the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. The sect was identified by Josephus with the upper social and economic echelon of Judean society.〔"...while the Sadducees are able to persuade none but the rich, and have not the populace obsequious to them, but the Pharisees have the multitude on their side." 〕 As a whole, the sect fulfilled various political, social, and religious roles, including maintaining the Temple. The Sadducees are often compared to other contemporaneous sects, including the Pharisees and the Essenes. Their sect is believed to have become extinct sometime after the destruction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, but it has been speculated that the later Karaites may have had some roots in – or connections with – Sadducean views.
== Etymology ==
According to Abraham Geiger, the Sadducee sect of Judaism drew their name from Zadok, the first High Priest of ancient Israel to serve in the First Temple, with the leaders of the sect proposed as the Kohanim (Priests, the "sons of Zadok", descendant of Eleazar, son of Aaron).〔Abraham Geiger, ''Urschrift'', pp. 20 &c〕
In any event, the name Zadok, being related to the root ''ṣādaq'' (to be right, just) could be indicative of their aristocratic status in society in the initial period of their existence.〔Newman, p. 76〕
Furthermore, Flavius Josephus mentions in ''Antiquities of the Jews'' in the time of Boethus: "...one Judas, a Gaulonite, of a city whose name was Gamala, who taking with him Sadduc, a Pharisee, became zealous to draw them to a revolt,...". Paul L. Maier notes, "It seems not improbable to me that this Sadduc, the Pharisee, was the very same man of whom the rabbis speak, as the unhappy but undesigning occasion of the impiety or infidelity of the Sadduccees; nor perhaps had the men this name of the Sadduccees till this very time, though they were a distinct sect long before." The similarity of Sadduc to the Zadok above, varying largely in transliteration, lends credence to that account. The contextual inclusion of Boethus and Sadduc implies they were most likely contemporaries.
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