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Safflower
Safflower (''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant. It is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Plants are tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange, or red flowers. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower is native to arid environments having seasonal rain. It grows a deep taproot which enables it to thrive in such environments.
==History==
Safflower is one of humanity's oldest crops. Chemical analysis of ancient Egyptian textiles dated to the Twelfth dynasty identified dyes made from safflower, and garlands made from safflowers were found in the tomb of the pharaoh Tutankhamun.〔 John Chadwick reports that the Greek name for safflower κάρθαμος (''kārthamos'') occurs many times in Linear B tablets, distinguished into two kinds: a white safflower (ka-na-ko re-u-ka, 'knākos leukā'), which is measured, and red (ka-na-ko e-ru-ta-ra, 'knākos eruthrā') which is weighed. "The explanation is that there are two parts of the plant which can be used; the pale seeds and the red florets."〔John Chadwick, ''The Mycenaean World'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1976), p. 120〕
Safflower was also known as carthamine in the nineteenth century.〔De Candolle, Alphonse. (1885.)(''Origin of cultivated plants.'' ) D. Appleton & Co.: New York, p. 164. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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