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Sati (Sanskrit: ', also spelled suttee) is an obsolete Indian funeral custom where a widow immolated herself on her husband's pyre, or committed suicide in another fashion shortly after her husband's death.〔Arvind Sharma (2001), Sati: Historical and Phenomenological Essays, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120804647, pages 19-21〕〔Wendy Doniger (2013), (Suttee ), Encyclopedia Britannica〕〔 Mention of the practice can be dated back to the 4th century BC, while evidence of practice by wives of dead kings only appears beginning between the 5th and 9th centuries AD. The practice is considered to have originated within the warrior aristocracy on the Indian subcontinent, gradually gaining in popularity from the 10th century AD and spreading to other groups from the 12th through 18th century AD. The practice was particularly prevalent among some Hindu communities,〔 observed in aristocratic Sikh families,〔 and has been attested to outside South Asia in a number of localities in Southeast Asia, such as in Indonesia,〔 Vietnam. The practice was initially legalized by the colonial British officials specifying conditions when sati was allowed;〔 then the practice was outlawed in 1829 in their territories in India (the collected statistics from their own regions suggesting an estimated 500–600 instances of ''sati'' per year), followed up by laws in the same directions by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, ''sati'' was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting, and glorifying of ''sati''. ==Etymology and usage== ''Sati'', or Suttee (Devanagari: सती) is derived from the name of the goddess Sati, who self-immolated because she was unable to bear her father Daksha's humiliation to her husband Shiva. The term ''sati'' was originally interpreted as "chaste woman". ''Sati'' appears in Hindi and Sanskrit texts, where it is synonymous with "good wife", the term ''suttee'' was commonly used by Anglo-Indian English writers. ''Sati'' designates therefore originally the woman, rather than the rite; the rite itself having technical names such as sahagamana ("going with") or sahamarana ("dying with"). Anvahorana ("ascension" to the pyre) is occasionally met, as well as satidaha as terms to designate the process. Satipratha is also, on occasion, used as a term signifying the custom of burning widows alive. Two other terms closely connected to ''sati'' are sativrata and satimata. ''Sativrata'' denotes the woman who, after her husband's death, has made the formal vow, ''vrat'', to burn herself on his pyre. After her death on the pyre, she achieves the venerated status as a ''satimata'' The Indian Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Part I, Section 2(c) defines ''sati'' as the act or rite itself.〔(Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 ). Official text of the Act on Government of India's National Resource Centre for Women (NCRW) (Website )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sati (practice)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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