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Coptic language
Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Bohairic: ''met.rem.ən.khēmi'', Sahidic: ''mənt.rəm.ən.kēme'', Greek: ''Met Rem(e)nkhēmi'') is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afroasiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.〔Coptic Encyclopedia; http://cdm15831.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/520〕 Egyptian began to be written in the Coptic alphabet – an adaptation of the Greek script with some letters inherited from Demotic – in the 1st century AD. The new writing system became the Coptic script, an adapted Greek alphabet with the addition of six or seven signs from the demotic script to represent Egyptian sounds the Greek language did not have. Several distinct Coptic dialects are identified, the most prominent of which are ''Sahidic'', originating in parts of Upper Egypt, and ''Bohairic'', originally from the western Nile Delta in Lower Egypt.
Coptic and Demotic Egyptian are grammatically closely related to Late Egyptian, which was written in the Hieroglyphic script. Coptic flourished as a literary language from the 2nd to 13th centuries, and its Bohairic dialect continues to be the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. It was supplanted by Egyptian Arabic as a spoken language toward the early modern period, though revitalization efforts have been underway since the 19th century.
== Name ==
The native Coptic name for the language is // in the Bohairic (Delta) dialect, and // in the Sahidic (Valley) dialect. The particle prefix ''met-/ment-'', from the verb ''mouti'' ('to speak'), forms all abstract nouns in Coptic (not only those pertaining to "language"). The term ''remenkhēmi/remenkēme'', meaning 'Egyptian', is a compound of ''rem-'', which is the construct state of the Coptic noun /, 'man, human being', + the genitive preposition ''(e)n-'' 'of' + the word for 'Egypt', ''Khēmi''/ ''Kēme'' (cf. Kemet). Thus the whole expression literally means 'language of the people of Egypt', or simply 'Egyptian language'. Another name by which the language has been called is ''ment kuptaion'' from the Copto-Greek form ''ment aiguption'' ('Egyptian language'). The term ''logos ən aiguptios'' ('Egyptian language') is also attested in Sahidic, although ''logos'' and ''aiguptios'' are both Greek in origin. (Greek vocabulary in Coptic is comparable to Latinate vocabulary in English.) In the liturgy of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the name is more officially ''ti-aspi ən rem ən kēmi'', 'the Egyptian language', ''aspi'' being the Egyptian word for language.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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