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Sīstān (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: سیستان), also known as Scythia, Sijistān ((アラビア語:سجستان)), and Sākāstān (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: ساكاستان; literally "land of the Saka or Scythians"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Kandahar, and Zabul Province), and the Nok Kundi region of Balochistan (western Pakistan). At times, the Saka territory encompassed areas as far east as Minnagara on the Indus River, in southwestern Sindh province of present-day Pakistan. Sistan was a part of the region of ancient Ariana. Sistan was once the homeland of Saka, a Scythian. The Saffarids, one of the early Iranian dynasties of the Islamic era, were originally from Sistan. ==Etymology== Sistan derives its name from ''Sakastan'' which, on its part, derives from the name of the Saka tribes. The Saka (known as Scythians in Greek sources) began to settle in this region during the Parthian era. The more ancient Old Persian name of the region - prior to Saka dominance - was ''zaranka'' ("waterland"; cf. Pashto ''dzaranda''). This older form is also the root of the name Zaranj, capital of the Afghan Nimruz Province. ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' says "The name of the country and its inhabitants is first attested as Old Persian ''z-r-k'' (i.e., Zranka) in the great Bīsotūn inscription of Darius I, apparently the original name. This form is reflected in the Elamite (Sir-ra-an-qa and variants), Babylonian (Za-ra-an-ga), and Egyptian (''srng'' or ''srnḳ'') versions of the Achaemenid royal inscriptions, as well as in Greek Zarángai, Zarangaîoi, Zarangianḗ (Arrian; Isidore of Charax), and Sarángai (Herodotus) and in Latin Zarangae (Pliny). Instead of this original form, characterized by non-Persian z (perhaps from proto-IE. palatal '' *γ'' or '' *γh''), in some Greek sources (chiefly those dependent upon the historians of Alexander the Great) the perhaps hypercorrect Persianized variant (cf. Belardi,p. 183) with initial d-, *Dranka (or even *Dranga?), reflected in Greek Drángai, Drangḗ, Drangēnḗ, Drangi(a)nḗ (Ctesias; Polybius; Strabo; Diodorus; Ptolemy; Arrian; Stephanus Byzantius) and Latin Drangae, Drangiana, Drangiani (Curtius Rufus; Pliny; Ammianus Marcellinus; Justin) or Drancaeus (Valerius Flaccus, ''Argonautica'' 6.106, 6.507) occurs." In the Shahnameh, Sistan is also referred to as Zabulistan, after the region in the eastern part of Iran. In Ferdowsi's epic, Zabulistan is in turn described to be the homeland of the mythological hero Rostam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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