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}} The Samanid dynasty ((ペルシア語:سامانیان), ''Sāmāniyān''), also known as the Samanid Empire, Samanid Amirate, or simply Samanids (819–999),〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Online Edition, 2007, ''Samani Dynasty'', (LINK )〕 was a Sunni〔Rene Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', transl. Naomi Walford, (Rutgers University Press, 2002), 143.〕 Persian Empire〔''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (article by Clifford Edmund Bosworth) writes: SAMANIDS, a Persian dynasty which ruled in Transoxania and then in Khurasan also, at first as subordinate governors of the Tahirids (v. ) and then later autonomous, virtually independent rulers (204-395/819-1005)〕〔''A historical atlas of Uzbekistan'', by Aisha Khan, published by The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 0-8239-3868-9, ISBN 978-0-8239-3868-1, pg. 23〕〔 ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', by Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, published by Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6, pg. 164〕〔 ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', by Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987, ISBN 0-85229-443-3, ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7, pg. 891〕〔 ''The monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana'', by Sheila Blair, Published by BRILL, 1992, ISBN 90-04-09367-2, ISBN 978-90-04-09367-6, pg. 27.〕 in Khorasan and Transoxiana. The Samanids ruled as Amirs of Khorasan, nominally appointed by the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. They claimed descent from the House of Mihran, high nobility of the Sasanian and Parthian empires conquered by the Arabs, and were characteristic of the shift of the Abbasid administration towards reliance on a class of Persian mawali and Turkish mamluks rather than the Umayyad Arab aristocracy held together by familial ties. Samanid rule is part of the so-called Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate Muslim culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world. This would lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian high culture that would characterise Greater Iran for a thousand years. ==Domination== The Samanids were of Persian dehqan origin with roots stemming from Balkh in present-day northern Afghanistan.〔Britannica, "The Samanids", ''Their eponym was Sāmān-Khodā, a landlord in the district of Balkh and, according to the dynasty’s claims, a descendant of Bahrām Chūbīn, the Sāsānian general''.() or ()〕〔Elton Daniel, ''The History of Iran'', 75.〕 They reigned for 180 years, encompassing a territory which included Greater Khorasan (including Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat),〔Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, pg.31, By Minhāj Sirāj Jūzjānī〕 Ray, Transoxiana, Tabaristan, Kerman, Gorgan, and west of these provinces up to Isfahan. At the peak of their power, the Samanids controlled territory extending as far as Quetta in the south〔''The historical, social and economic setting'' by M. S. Asimov, pg.79〕 and Qazvin in the west. The Samanids were descendants of Bahrām Chobin,〔〔Kamoliddin, Shamsiddin S. ("To the Question of the Origin of the Samanids" ), ''Transoxiana: Journal Libre de Estudios Orientales'', ]〕〔''Iran and America: Re-Kind()ing a Love Lost'' By Badi Badiozamani, Ghazal Badiozamani, pg. 123〕〔''History of Bukhara'' by Narshakhi, Chapter XXIV, Pg 79〕 and thus descended from the House of Mihran, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. In governing their territory, the Samanids modeled their state organization after the Abbasids, mirroring the caliph's court and organization.〔The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana By Sheila S. Blair, pg. 27〕 They were rewarded for supporting the Abbasids in Transoxiana and Khorasan, and with their established capitals located in Bukhara, Balkh, Samarkand, and Herat, they carved their kingdom after defeating the Saffarids.〔 The Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki, Ferdowsi, and Avicenna. While under Samanid control, Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory.〔''The History of Iran'' by Elton L. Daniel, pg. 74〕 Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian more than the Buyids and the Saffarids, while continuing to patronize Arabic to a significant degree.〔 Nevertheless, in a famous edict, Samanid authorities declared that "here, in this region, the language is Persian, and the kings of this realm are Persian kings."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samanid Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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