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The Samhan period of Korean history (also ''Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea'') comprises confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula, during the final century BCE and the early centuries CE. These confederacies were eventually absorbed into two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea by the 4th century CE. The Samhan period is generally considered a subdivision of the Three Kingdoms Period. ''Sam'' () is a Sino-Korean word meaning "three," and ''Han'' is a Korean word meaning "great (one), grand, large, much, many" (speculated by some to be cognate with "khan" used in inner Asia for leaders〔According to official histories of Manchu origins compiled by the Qing Dynasty Imperial Court under the Qianlong Emperor. Crossley, Pamela Kyle. A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press, 1999. 302.〕). ''Han'' was transliterated into Chinese characters , , or , but is unrelated with the ''Han'' in Han Chinese and the Chinese kingdoms and dynasties also called ''Han'' (漢). ''Ma'' means south, ''Byeon'' means shining and ''Jin'' means east.〔(在韓國使用的漢字語文化上的程 )〕 The names of these confederacies are reflected in the current name of South Korea, ''Daehan Minguk'' (literally, "Great Han People's Nation"). See Names of Korea. The Samhan are thought to have formed around the time of the fall of Gojoseon in northern Korea in 108 BC, around when the state of Jin in southern Korea also disappears from written records. By the 4th century, Mahan was fully absorbed into the Baekje kingdom, Jinhan into the Silla kingdom, and Byeonhan into the Gaya confederacy, which was later annexed by Silla. == Three Hans == :''Main articles: Byeonhan confederacy, Jinhan confederacy, Mahan confederacy'' The Samhan are generally considered loose confederations of walled-town states. Each appears to have had a ruling elite, whose power was a mix of politics and shamanism. Although each state appears to have had its own ruler, there is no evidence of systematic succession. The name of the poorly understood Jin state continued to be used in the name of the Jinhan confederacy and in the name "Byeonjin," an alternate term for Byeonhan. In addition, for some time the leader of Mahan continued to call himself the King of Jin, asserting nominal overlordship over all of the Samhan confederations. Mahan was the largest and earliest developed of the three confederacies. It consisted of 54 minor statelets, one of which conquered or absorbed the others and became the center of the Baekje Kingdom. Mahan is usually considered to have been located in the southwest of the Korean peninsula, covering Jeolla, Chungcheong, and portions of Gyeonggi. Jinhan consisted of 12 statelets, one of which conquered or absorbed the others and became the center of the Silla Kingdom. It is usually considered to have been located to the east of the Nakdong River valley. Byeonhan consisted of 12 statelets, which later gave rise to the Gaya confederacy, subsequently annexed by Silla. It is usually considered to have been located in the south and west of the Nakdong River valley. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samhan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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