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The Samkhyakarika ((サンスクリット:सांख्यकारिका), ) is the earliest surviving text of the Samkhya school of Indian philosophy.〔Gerald James Larson (1998), Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning, Motilal Banarasidass, ISBN 81-208-0503-8, pages 146-153〕 The text's original composition date is unknown, but its ''terminus ad quem'' (completed before) date has been established through its Chinese translation that became available by 569 CE.〔Gerald James Larson (1998), Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning, Motilal Banarasidass, ISBN 81-208-0503-8, page 4〕 It is attributed to Ishvara Krishna (, 350 C.E). In the text, the author described himself as being in the succession of the disciples from the great sage Kapila, through and .〔Davies, John (1881, reprint 2000) ''Hindu Philosophy'', Routledge,London, ISBN 0-415-24519-2,p.100〕 His consists of 72 s written in the Ārya metre. The last three s were probably added later.〔Davies, John (1881, reprint 2000) ''Hindu Philosophy'', Routledge,London, ISBN 0-415-24519-2,p.10〕 The earliest important commentary on his was written by Gaudapada.〔 Another important commenatary is Vacaspati Mishra's (9th century CE), who also wrote a well-known commentary to Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Yuktidipika, whose medieval era manuscript editions were discovered and published about mid 20th century, is among the most significant extant review and commentary on Samkhyakarika.〔〔Albrecht Wezler and Shujun Motegi (1998), Yuktidipika - The Most Significant Commentary on the Såμkhyakårikå, Critically Edited, Vol. I. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3-515-06132-0〕 The was translated into Chinese in c. 6th century CE.〔(佛子天空藏經閣T54 No. 2137《金七十論》 )〕 In 1832, Christian Lassen translated the text in Latin. H.T. Colebrooke first translated this text into English. Windischmann and Lorinser translated it into German, and Pautier and St. Hilaire translated it into French. == Authorship and historical note == Samkhya is an important pillar of Indian philosophical tradition, called ''shad-darshana'', however, of the standard works of Samkhya only three are available at present. These are: ''Samkhya Sutras'' attributed to the founder of Samkhya, Kapila; ''Tattva Samasa'', which some authors (Max Muller) consider prior to ''Samkhya Sutras,''〔''The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy''; Friedrich Max Müller, p.296, 2013, ASIN: B00F1M1B1Y 〕 and ''Samkhya Karika'' of Ishvara Krishna. Ishvara Krishna follows several earlier teachers of Samkhya and is said to come from Kausika family.〔Swami, Virupakshananada, (1995), vi〕 He taught before Vasubandhu and is placed following Kapila, Asuri, Panca Shikha, Vindhyavasa, Varsaganya, Jaigisavia, Vodhu, Devala and Sanaka.〔Swami, Virupakshananada, (1995), vi〕 Most authors recognize that Samkhyakarika was authored sometime in the Classical Samkhya period between 300-500 C.E. That was followed by the Pramartha's Chinese version of Karikas together with a commentary in 557-569 C. E. Gerald Larson, in ''Classical Samkhya'', includes also a formative stage period between the death of Mahavira (468 B.C.) and Candra Gupta period 300-500 C. E., which he calls ''Proto-Samkhyan Speculations''. Later developments include the 9th century ''Samkhya Tattva Kaumudi'' of Vacaspati Mishra.〔Larson, 1979, p. 253〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samkhyakarika」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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