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''Jasminum sambac'' is a species of jasmine native to a small region in the eastern Himalayas in Bhutan and neighbouring India. It is cultivated in many places, especially across much of South and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Cambodia, Java, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central America, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles.〔〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, )〕〔(Biota of North America Program, )〕 ''Jasminum sambac'' is a small shrub or vine growing up to in height. It is widely cultivated for its attractive and sweetly fragrant flowers. The flowers are also used for perfumes and for making tea. It is known as the Arabian jasmine in English. It is the national flower of the Philippines, where it is known as sampaguita. It is also one of the three national flowers of Indonesia, where it is known as melati putih. ==Taxonomy and nomenclature== ''Jasminum sambac'' is classified under the genus ''Jasminum'' under the tribe Jasmineae. It belongs to the olive family Oleaceae.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Jasminum sambac'' (L.) Aiton: Arabian jasmine )〕 Despite the English common name of "Arabian jasmine", ''Jasminum sambac'' is not originally native to Arabia. The habits of ''Jasminum sambac'' support a native habitat of humid tropical climates and not the arid climates of the Middle East. Early Chinese records of the plant points to the origin of ''Jasminum sambac'' as eastern South Asia and Southeast Asia. ''Jasminum sambac'' (and nine other species of the genus) were spread into Arabia and Persia by man, where they were cultivated in gardens. From there, they were introduced to Europe where they were grown as ornamentals and were known under the common name "sambac" in the 18th century. Medieval Arabic ''"zanbaq"'' meant jasmine flower-oil from the flowers of any species of jasmine. This word entered late medieval Latin as ''"sambacus"'' and ''"zambacca"'' with the same meaning as the Arabic, and then in post-medieval Latin plant taxonomy the word was adopted as a label for the ''J. sambac'' species.〔''Dictionnaire étymologique des mots français d'origine orientale'', by L. Marcel Devic, year 1876, page 201; (downloadable ). Additional details at (zambacca )(Alphita, mid 15th century); (sambacus )(Simon of Genoa, late 13th century); (زنبق = دهن الياسمين )(''zanbaq'' = "jasmine oil" in ''Lisan al-Arab'', late 13th century).〕 The ''J. sambac'' species is a good source for jasmine flower-oil in terms of the quality of the fragrance and it continues to be cultivated for this purpose for the perfume industry today. The ''Jasminum officinale'' species is also cultivated for the same purpose, and probably to a greater extent. In 1753, Carl Linnaeus first described the plant as ''Nyctanthes sambac'' in the first edition of his famous book ''Systema Naturae''. In 1789, William Aiton reclassified the plant to the genus ''Jasminum''. He also coined the common English name of "Arabian jasmine", cementing the misconception that it was Arabian in origin.〔 Other common names of ''Jasminum sambac'' include: *Arabic - ''Full'' (فل) *Bengali - ''Bel/Beli'' (বেলীফুল) *Catalan - ''Xamelera'' *Cebuano - ''Manol'' *Chamorro - ''Sampagita'' *Chinese - ''Mo Li Hua'' (茉莉花) *English - ''Arabian jasmine'', ''Tuscan jasmine'', ''Sambac jasmine'' *Filipino and Spanish - ''Sampaguita'' *Greek - ''Fouli'' (Φούλι) *Gujarati - ''Mogro'' *Hawaiian - ''Pikake'' *Hindi and Marathi - ''Moghrā'' *Indonesian - ''Melati Putih'' *Japanese - ''Matsurika'' (茉莉花, まつりか) *Kannada - ''Dundu Mallige'' *Khmer - ''Mlis'' (ម្លិស) *Konkani - ''Mogare'' *Malay - ''Melur'' or ''Melati'' *Malayalam - ''Koda Mulla'' (കൊട മുല്ല) *Manipuri language - "Kabok lei" *Marathi - ''Mogara'' *Oriya - ''Juhi Mahli'' (ଜୁହି ମହ୍ଲି) *Persian - ''Yasmeen'' *Prakrit - ''Malliā'' *Punjabi - ''Motiya'' (موتیا) *Sanskrit - ''Malati'' (मालती), ''Mallika'' (मल्लिका) *Sinhala - ''Saman'' (සමන්), ''Gaeta pichcha'', ''Sithapushpa'' *Spanish (Caribbean) - ''Jazmín'' *Tagalog - ''Sampagita'' *Tahitian, Māori, and Marquesan - ''Pitate'' *Tamil - ''Malligai'' (மல்லிகை), ''Kundumalli'' (குண்டுமல்லி) *Telugu - ''Mallepuvvu'' *Thai - ''Malila'' (มะลิลา) *Turkish - ''Ful'' *Urdu - ''Yasmeen'' or ''Motiya'' (موتیا) *Vietnamese - ''Hoa Nhài'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jasminum sambac」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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