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Samthann
Samthann , modernised spelling Samhthann, is an Irish folk saint, purportedly a Christian nun and abbess in Early Christian Ireland.〔http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5961〕 She is one of only four female Irish saints for whom Latin ''Lives'' exist. She died on 19 December〔''Vita Sancte Samthannae Virginis'', in ''Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae; partim hactenus ineditae ad fidem codicum manuscriptorum recognovit prolegomenis notis indicibus instruxit'', edited by Charles Plummer, Vol. II (1910), (Reprinted Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1997), §25.〕 739.〔''The Annals of Ulster'', edited by Seán Mac Airt and Gearóid Mac Niocaill, 2 volumes. (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1983–84). ((Annals of Ulster at CELT) )〕
==Manuscript Tradition==
The only extant ''Life'' of St Samthann survives in three manuscripts, with the most complete form being in an early fourteenth-century manuscript, in Oxford, at the Bodleian Library, Rawlinson B. 485 ff.150-3, as part of the Codex Insulensis.〔Kenney, J. F. ''The Sources for the Early History of Ireland: Ecclesiastical'', (1929), (Reprinted New York: Octagon Books, 1966) §465 p. 253.〕 Charles Plummer used all three manuscripts in his edition of the text, and notes that the other two forms of the Life are dependent on the Bodleian one. In addition to Plummer’s Latin edition, the ''Life'' has also been translated into English by Dorothy Africa.〔Africa, Dorothy, “Life of the Holy Virgin Samthann,” in ''Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology'', edited by Thomas Head (New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2000), pp. 97–110.〕 There is only a small degree of variation between the three manuscripts, and no important omissions or additions, supporting the belief that this was a fairly faithful copy of the posited original that had undergone no drastic ecclesiastical editing.〔Kenney, ''Sources'', pp. 306–7; Plummer, ''VSH'' I, pp. ix–xxiii; Plummer, Charles, “On Two Collections of Latin Lives of Irish Saints in the Bodleian Library, Rawlinson B 484 and B 505,” ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie'', 5 (1905), pp. 429–54.〕 The author’s Latin is somewhat stilted, and prone to the occasional clichéd metaphorical phrase, but falls short of the overly convoluted style favoured in Late Latin writing. With one exception, the chronology of the ''Life'' follows a straightforward pattern beginning with the saint’s marriage and ending with her death. The exception is a miracle regarding the saint’s staff, occurring at chapter seventeen, which, whilst not specifically stated as such, would logically appear to belong after the saint’s death.〔''Vita Samthanne'', §17.〕 The only other apparent error is in the final chapter, where Lasrianus, the founder of Devenish in Lough Erne, who died nearly two centuries earlier is represented as still being alive at the time of Samthann’s death.〔''Vita Samthanne,'' §26.〕 Plummer ascribes this error to the writer’s ignorance of the name of the then abbot of Devenish (he is unnamed when previously mentioned in §10), believing that he inserted the only abbot he did know, whose ''Life'' he may well have had access to.〔Plummmer, ''VSH'' I, p. lxxxviii.〕 Overall the consistency of style and language in addition to the cohesive chronology all point to a single author or redactor.〔Dorothy Ann Bray, “Motival Derivation in the ''Life of St Samthann'',” ''Studia Celtica'', 20–21 (1985–1986), p. 78.〕 There is nothing in the ''Life'' itself to give a clear indication as to its date of composition and the date of the posited original has been given as anywhere between the late eighth〔Africa, “Life of the Holy Virgin Samthann,” p. 101.〕 to the late thirteenth century.〔Bray, “Motival Derivation,” p. 78-9.〕 Associated evidence, however, such as the relatively short period of prominence for the monastery at Clonbroney (the convent, which may have been founded as early as the fifth century, fades from the records after the death of Abbess Caillechdomhnaill in 1163),〔Africa, “Life of the Holy Virgin Samthann,” pp. 97–8.〕 the use of individual names (in particular Niall, son of Fergal, king of Cenél Éogain, and Uí Néill overlord from 763–770 and Flann son of Connla),〔Vita Samthanne, §§17, 13.〕 and the association of the monastery in the mid- to late eighth century with the royal family of Tethba, in Cairpre Gabra, all support the notion that this ''Life'' was initially composed within a few generations of the saint’s death, and is a well-preserved late eighth to early ninth century ''Life''.
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