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Sangiran is an archaeological excavation site in Java in Indonesia. According to a UNESCO report (1995) "Sangiran is recognized by scientists to be one of the most important sites in the world for studying fossil man, ranking alongside Zhoukoudian (China), Willandra Lakes (Australia), Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), and Sterkfontein (South Africa), and more fruitful in finds than any of these."〔(World Heritage List note, ''Sangiran'' ), No 593, September 1995.〕 The area comprises about 56 km² (7km x 8km). It is located in Central Java, about 15 kilometers north of Surakarta in the Solo River valley. Administratively, Sangiran area is divided between 2 regencies: Sragen (subdistricts of Gemolong, Kalijambe, and Plupuh) and Karanganyar (subdistrict of Gondangrejo). An important feature of the site is the geology of the area. Originally a dome was created millions of years ago through tectonic uplifts. The dome was then eroded exposing beds within the dome which are rich in archeological records.〔Tantri Yuliandini, '(Tracing man's origins in Sangiran, Pacitan' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 23 August 2002.〕 ==History== * 1883: The Dutch paleoanthropologist Eugène Dubois undertook preliminary fieldwork at Sangiran. However Dubois did not find many fossils of interest so he shifted his attention to Trinil in East Java where he found significant discoveries. * 1934: The anthropologist Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald started to examine the area. During excavations in the next years fossils of some of the first known human ancestors, ''Pithecanthropus erectus'' ("Java Man", now reclassified as part of the species ''Homo erectus''), were found here. About 60 more human fossils, among them the enigmatic "Meganthropus", have since been found. Sangiran 2, for example, was discovered by von Koenigswald at the site. In addition, there are considerable numbers of remains of the animals that these primitive humans hunted, and of others that merely shared the habitat. * 1977: The Indonesian Government designated an area of 56 km2 around Sangiran as a ''Daerah Cagar Budaya'' (Protected Cultural Area).〔''Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan'' (Decision of the Minister of Education and culture) No. 070/O/1977 dated 15 March 1977.〕 * 1988: A modest local site museum and conservation laboratory were set up at Sangiran. * 1996: UNESCO registered Sangiran as a World Heritage Site in the ''World Heritage List'' as the (Sangiran Early Man Site ).〔UNESCO Document WHC-96/Conf. 2201/21.〕 *2011: The current museum and visitors' centre was opened by the Minister for Education and Culture on 15 December. *2012: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono visited the museum in February accompanied by 11 cabinet ministers. Over time, following the initial work by Dubois and von Koenigswald at Sangiran, other scholars including Indonesian archeologists undertook work at the site. Indonesian scholars included Teuku Jacob, Etty Indriati, Sartono, Fachroel Aziz, Harry Widianto, Yahdi Zaim, and Johan Arif.〔Etty Indriati, ''Warisan budaya dan munusia purba Indonesia Sangiran'' (heritage and ancient Indonesian man Sangiran'' ), PT Citra Aji Parama, Yogyakarta, 2009.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sangiran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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