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Sangkum
The ''Sangkum Reastr Niyum'' ((クメール語:សង្គមរាស្ត្រនិយម) (:saŋkum riəh niʔjum)), literally the "community of the common people";〔Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen. 1977. ''Cambodian-English Dictionary''. Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages. The Catholic University of America Press. Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-8132-0509-3〕 (フランス語:Communauté socialiste populaire), usually translated as "People's Socialist Community"; commonly known simply as the Sangkum) was a political organisation set up in 1955 by Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.〔Dommen, A. ''The Indochinese experience of the French and the Americans'', Indiana University Press, 2001, p.318〕 Though it described itself as a 'movement' rather than a political party (members had to abjure membership of any political group), the Sangkum retained control of the government of Cambodia throughout the first administration of Sihanouk, from 1955 to 1970.〔
==Formation==
The Sangkum came into existence after Sihanouk stepped down from the throne in 1955 in favour of his father Norodom Suramarit, with the intention of concentrating on politics.
The movement was based on four small monarchist, rightist parties, including the 'Victorious North-East' party of Dap Chhuon and the Khmer Renovation party of Lon Nol.〔Kiernan, B. ''How Pol Pot came to power'', Yale University Press, 2004, p.158〕 Sihanouk broadened this political base into the Sangkum in order to fight the 1955 parliamentary election, the first after independence: despite its apolitical image, the Sangkum effectively functioned as the pro-Sihanouk party. It won an overwhelming victory in the elections: there were subsequently allegations of massive electoral fraud, and of intimidation directed against both the opposing Democratic Party and the socialist ''Krom Pracheachon''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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