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Sennacherib
Sennacherib (; Akkadian: Sîn-ahhī-erība, "Sîn has increased the brothers"), king of Assyria 705 BC–681 BC, is remembered for his military campaigns against Babylon and Judah and for his building programs, notably at his capital Nineveh.
The primary preoccupation of Sennacherib's reign was the so-called "Babylonian problem"–the refusal of the Babylonians to accept Assyrian rule–culminating in his destruction of the city in 689 BC. Further campaigns were carried out in Syria-Palestine (notable for being recorded in the Bible's Books of Kings), in the mountains east of Assyria, against the kingdoms of Anatolia, and against the Arabs in the northern Arabian deserts. Sennacherib was also a notable builder–it was under him that Assyrian art reached its peak. His building projects included the beautification of Nineveh, a canal 50 kilometers long to bring water to the city, and the "Palace Without Rival", which included what may have been the prototype of the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
Sennacherib was assassinated in obscure circumstances in 681 BC, apparently by his eldest son (his designated successor, Esarhaddon, was the youngest). In Babylon his death was seen as divine punishment for the destruction of that city.
== Background: the Neo-Assyrian empire, 911-612 BC ==
Assyria began as a Bronze Age city-state or small kingdom on the middle-Tigris. The kingdom collapsed at the end of the Bronze Age, but was reconstituted at the beginning of the Iron Age, and under Tiglath-pileser III and his sons Shalmaneser V and Sargon II (combined reigns 744–705 BC), Assyria extended its rule over Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Syria-Palestine, making its capital Nineveh, one of the richest cities of the ancient world. The empire's rise aroused the fear and hatred of its neighbours, notably Babylon, Elam and Egypt, and the many smaller kingdoms of the region such as Judah. Any perceived weakness on the part of Assyria led inevitably to rebellion, particularly by the Babylonians. Solving the so-called "Babylonian problem" was Sennacherib's primary preoccupation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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