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Sanity
Sanity (from (ラテン語:sānitās)) refers to the soundness, rationality and healthiness of the human mind, as opposed to insanity. A person is not considered sane anymore just if he/she is irrational. In modern society, the terms have become exclusively synonymous with ''compos mentis'' ((ラテン語:compos, having mastery of, ''and'' mentis, mind)), in contrast with ''non compos mentis'', or insane, meaning troubled conscience. A sane mind is nowadays considered healthy both from its analytical -once called ''rational''- and emotional aspects. Furthermore, according to Chesterton,〔Chesterton, G. K. 2002. ''The Outline of Sanity''. IHS Press〕 sanity involves wholeness, whereas insanity implies narrowness and brokenness.
==Psychiatry and psychology==
A theory of sanity was proposed by Alfred Korzybski in his general semantics. He believed sanity was tied to the structural fit or lack of thereof, of what is actually going on in the world. He imposed this notion in a map-territory analogy: "A map ''is not'' the territory it represents, but, if correct, it has a "similar structure" to the territory, which accounts for its usefulness."〔(Science and Sanity ) by Alfred Korzybski〕 Given that science continually seeks to adjust its theories structurally to fit the facts, i.e., adjusts its maps to fit the territory, and thus advances more rapidly than any other field, he believed that the key to understanding sanity would be found in the study of the methods of science (and the study of structure as revealed by science). The adoption of a scientific outlook and attitude of continual adjustment by the individual toward his or her assumptions was the way, so he claimed. In other words, there were "factors of sanity to be found in the physico-mathematical methods of science." And he also stressed that sanity requires the awareness that "whatever you say a thing is, it is not"〔Korzybski, A. 2010. ''Selections from Science and Sanity''. The New Non-Aristotelian Library, p. VIII.〕 because anything expressed through language is not the reality it refers to: language is like a map and the map is not the territory. The territory, that is, reality, remains unnamable, un-speakable, mysterious. Hence, the widespread assumption that we can grasp reality through language involves a degree of insanity.
Psychiatrist Philip S. Graven suggested the term "un-sane" to describe a condition that is not exactly ''insane'', but not quite ''sane'' either.〔(When Ecology Does Not Count: Checking the Ecology of The Ecology Check ) by L. Michael Hall, Ph.D.〕
In ''The Sane Society'', published in 1955, psychologist Erich Fromm proposed that, not just individuals, but entire societies "may be lacking in sanity". Fromm argued that one of the most deceptive features of social life involves "consensual validation.":〔(Consensual validation ) at vault-co.com 〕
It is naively assumed that the fact that the majority of people share certain ideas or feelings proves the validity of these ideas and feelings. Nothing is further from the truth... Just as there is a ''folie à deux'' there is a ''folie à millions''. The fact that millions of people share the same vices does not make these vices virtues, the fact that they share so many errors does not make the errors to be truths, and the fact that millions of people share the same form of mental pathology does not make these people sane.〔Fromm, Erich. ''The Sane Society'', Routledge, 1955, pp.14–15.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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