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Shankaracharya (IAST: ''Śaṅkarācārya'', Shankara acharya) is a commonly used title of heads of monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition. The title derives from Adi Shankara, an 8th-century CE reformer of Hinduism. He is honored as ''Jagadguru'', a title that was used earlier only to Krishna. The popular view among historians is that there were four mathas (religious orders): * The ''Dakshina Moolamnaya matha'' (main matha) at Sringeri Sharada Peetham in Shringeri, Karnataka. * The ''Uttarāmnāya matha'' (northern matha) at Jyotir Math in the city of Jyotirmath also known as Joshimath, Uttarakhand. * The ''Pūrvāmnāya matha'' (eastern matha), or the Govardhana matha at Puri, Odisha. * The ''Paśchimāmnāya matha'' (western matha), or the Shāradā Pitha at Dwarka, Gujarat. Shankaracharya is also seen as an avatar of Shiva (Shankara). Shankaracharya is responsible for founding many ''punyakshetras'' along the length and breadth of India, by taming avatars of Parvati and imprisoning her essence in Sri Chakras. Adi Shankaracharya wished to grace the Indian subcontinent by establishing four major mathas in the four corners of the peninsula – north (Jyothirmath), south (Sringeri), east (Puri), west (Shāradā) – to propagate the philosophy of advaita vedanta and to promulgate the concept of ''Sanatana dharma'', thus establishing dharma or righteousness, as the way of life of people. His primary four disciples took charges of each math and thus established a strong Guru-Sishya ''parampara'' (a lineage of masters-disciples) in every math, that continues to guide people to this day. ==Further reading== * Mukhyananda, Swami (2006) ''Sri Shankaracharya: life and philosophy: An elucidative and reconciliatory interpretation'', 4th ed.; ; Kolkata; Advaita Ashrama * ''Esoteric Buddhism'' by A.P. Sinnett, pp 81 ISBN 1438503652 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shankaracharya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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