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}} |other_name = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Anphitrite Group and Woody Island 1.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Skyview of Anphitrite Group and Woody Island |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Location of Sansha Prefecture within Hainan (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location Sansha jurisdiction (in pink) in Hainan |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = South China Sea |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the prefectural seat |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |coordinates_region = CN-46 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Hainan |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = City seat |seat = Woody Island (Yongxing Dao) |government_type = |leader_title = CPC Municipal Party Secretary |leader_name = Fu Zhuang () |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Xiao Jie () |established_title = Prefecture |established_date = 24 July 2012 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = < 13 |area_land_sq_mi = < 5 |area_water_km2 = ~2,000,000 |area_water_sq_mi = ~772,000 |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2013 |population_footnotes = 〔 not including the floating population of 2,000 and more; only residents are counted〕 |population_note = |population_total = 1,443 |pop_est_as_of = |population_est = |population_density_km2 = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |demographics_type1 = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1= |demographics_type2 = |demographics2_title1 = |demographics2_info1= |timezone = China Standard Time |utc_offset = +8 |latd = 16 |latm = 50 |lats = 03 |latNS = N |longd = 112 |longm = 20 |longs = 15 |longEW = E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 573100 |area_code = |website = |footnotes = Territorial Dispute: There are on-going territorial disputes in the entire area covered by the city, whose administrative authority is not internationally recognized. }} Sansha is a prefecture-level city of Hainan province of the People's Republic of China. It administers (actually or nominally) several island groups and undersea atolls in the South China Sea including the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands and the Macclesfield Bank, and a number of other ungrouped maritime features. The entire territory is disputed, and the PRC's ''de facto'' control over the area varies. Sansha has equal administrative status to a prefecture-level city, and was created on 24 July 2012.〔 The establishment of Sansha is simply an upgrade of the administrative status of these island groups from the previous county-level Administrative Office,〔 and construction of a city is not actually underway. However, a garrison may be established.〔 Foreign reaction to the declaration was not positive. The United States Department of State called the change in the administrative status of the territory "unilateral", and the move has received criticism from nations engaged in the South China Sea dispute, particularly the Philippines and Vietnam.〔 * * * * *〕 The centre of government for Sansha is located on Woody Island (Yongxing Dao) in the Paracels, where about 1,000 Chinese (PRC) reside. With a land area of 210ha, Woody Island is the largest contiguous land area in the South China Sea.〔Pratas Island has an area of 240ha, but this includes a 60ha lagoon.〕 The total land area of Sansha, which includes the islands in the Paracel and Spratly groups, is less than .〔USA Today, (''Tiny island in South China Sea is stirring up tensions'' ), Calum MacLeod, 12 July 2012〕 Nationally, Sansha is the smallest prefecture-level city, by both population and land area, but the largest by total area, and is also the southernmost prefecture-level city of the PRC. ==History== Following being given approval by the State Council on 24 March 1953,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.bjreview.com.cn/Cover_Stories_Series_2012/2012-07/03/content_464506.htm )〕 the "Guangdong Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority" was established as a county-level administrative division on Woody Island (Yongxing Dao). During the Cultural Revolution, when Revolutionary Committees were being set up across the country, the Authority was upgraded to the "Guangdong Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Revolutionary Committee" on 4 March 1959.〔 On 22 October 1981 the original Authority was restored. Administration was transferred to Hainan on National Day, 1984, when the Hainan Administrative Region was established, followed by the establishment of Hainan Province on 13 April 1988. On 19 September 1988,〔 the Authority's name was officially changed to the "Hainan Province Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority". On 25 December 2006, Woody Island census-town's first-ever Residents' and Fishermen's Congress was held. Three representatives at the township and village levels were selected to represent the census-town's Neighborhood Committee of the North and South Villages. The Neighborhood Committee began work on Woody Island the following day with an office at the Border Guards of the Paracels' Police Station. These were the first ever actual subdivisions created within the county-level authority.〔 The prospect of the establishment of a "city" on Woody Island was first mooted on 19 November 2007 in a report by Mingpao, a Hong Kong-based newspaper, through a telephone interview with a Mr. Zhang of the Propaganda Department of Wenchang, Hainan. This report claimed that a county-level city was to be established by the PRC State Council in November 2007 to administer three disputed archipelagos in the South China Sea: the Paracel Islands, Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Islands) and the Spratly Islands. This was to replace the county-level "Paracels, Spratlys, and Zhongsha Islands Authority". The city of Wenchang would provide supplies and logistics to the to-be-established city. On 23 July 2012 the PRC Central Military Commission announced it had authorized the People's Liberation Army Guangzhou Military Command to form a "garrison command" in Sansha City. The troops would be responsible for managing the city's national defence mobilisation, military reserve, and carrying out military operations.〔BBC News, (''China Approves Military Garrison'' ), 23 July 2012〕 On 24 July 2012, the PRC officially established the city of Sansha in Yongxing Island. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sansha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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