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Santamartamys
''Santamartamys'' is a monotypic genus of rodent in family Echimyidae, containing only the red-crested tree rat (''Santamartamys rufodorsalis''). It is nocturnal and is believed to feed on plant matter, and is mainly rufous, with young specimens having a grey coat. IUCN list the species as critically endangered: it is affected by feral cats, climate change, and the clearing of forest in its potential range in coastal Colombia.
It is known only from three specimens, a specimen collected in 1898 in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and identified by Herbert Huntingdon Smith, a specimen identified by the American ornithologist and entomologist Melbourne Armstrong Carriker in 1913 at the same location, and a further specimen observed in the same location in 2011. Found at altitudes of 700 to 2,000 metres, the species is endemic to Colombia in an isolated area with high levels of biodiversity. The species was initially identified as ''Isothrix rufodorsalis'' in 1899, re-classified as ''Diplomys rufodorsalis'' in 1935, and the monotypic genus ''Santamartamys'' was created in 2005 for the species.
==Discovery==
On 24 December 1898, Herbert Huntingdon Smith identified the first specimen of ''Santamartamys'' in Ocana, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. The specimen was of undetermined gender, and as all specimens of Smith's collections were collected by local hunters, there is no specific information regarding the location where the specimen was discovered.〔 A second specimen, also of undetermined gender, was discovered in around 1913 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta by Carriker, but there is not much information regarding its location either, or the date of discovery.〔 It is assumed that the specimen was obtained through a gift or was purchased. It was recorded as a ''Santamartamys'' specimen in 1913 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Despite several organised searches, no other specimens were discovered.
However, on 4 May 2011, two volunteers from Fundación ProAves identified a young specimen in nature reserve ''El Dorado'', Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.〔〔 At above sea level, the animal was identified by five people at , and was not intimidated by their presence.〔
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