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Saraha
Saraha ((ヒンディー語:सरह)), Sarahapa ((ヒンディー語:सरहपा), (オリヤー語:ସରହପା)), or Sarahapāda ((ヒンディー語:सरहपाद)) (''circa'' 8th century CE), originally known as Rāhula or Rāhulbhadra, was the first sahajiya and one of the Mahasiddhas, and is considered to be one of the founders of Buddhist Vajrayana, and particularly of the Mahamudra tradition. His dohas (couplets) are compiled in ''Dohakośa'', the 'Treasury of Rhyming Couplets'. Padas (verses) 22, 32, 38 and 39 of ''Caryagītikośa'' (or Charyapada) are assigned to him. The script used in the dohas shows close resemblance with the present Kaithi, Ang lipi, Assamese, Bangla and Oriya scripts which imply that Sarahapa has compiled his literature in the earlier language which has similarity with both Oriya language and Angika language .〔Pandit Rahul Sanskrutayan, Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad〕〔Dr. Banshidhar Mohanty. ''Oriya Sahityara Itihasa''. Vol I. Frends Publishers, Cuttack, Orissa, India (1970)〕
In the opinion of Rahul Sankrityayan, Sarahapada was the earliest Siddha or Siddhācārya and the first poet of Oriya, Angika and Hindi literature . According to him, Sarahapāda was a student of Haribhadra, who was in turn a disciple of Shantarakshita, the noted Buddhist scholar who traveled to Tibet. As Śāntarakṣita is known to have lived in the mid-8th century from Tibetan historical sources〔Pasang Wandu and Hildegard Diemberger. ''dBa' bzhed: The Royal Narrative concerning the bringing of the Buddha's Doctrine to Tibet'' (Vienna, 2000). ISBN 3-7001-2956-4.〕 and Haribhadra was a contemporary of Pāla king Dharmapala (770 – 815 CE), Sarahapāda must have lived in the late 8th century or early 9th century CE.〔Dasgupta, Shashibhusan, ''Obscure Religious Cults'', Firma KLM, Calcutta, 1995 CE, ISBN 81-7102-020-8, pp.8-9〕 From the colophon of a manuscript of Saraha’s ''Dohakośa'', copied in Nepali Samvat 221 (1101 CE) and found from Royal Durbar Library in Nepal (most probably the earliest manuscript of ''Dohakośa''), by Pt. Haraprasad Shastri in 1907, we know that many ''doha''-s of Saraha were extant by that time, and thanks to the efforts of a scholar named Divakar Chanda, some of them preserved.,〔Sen, Sukumar ''Charyageeti Padabali'' (in Bengali), Ananda Publishers, Kolkata, ISBN 81-7215-458-5, pp. 26〕 as were printed and published first in the modern Bangla font by the Bongiyo Shahityo Porishawd in 1916 along with the Dohakosh of Sarahapa in Bangla font, the Sanskrit notes of the dohas of Sarahapa also in the Bangla font, the Dakarnab adage-poems, the dohas of Kanhapa or Krishnacharyapa or Kanifnath and the Mekhla notes. The mouthpiece was by Haraprasad Shastri who had found the manuscript at the Royal Durbar Library of the Nepal kingdom in 1907.
He was born in Eastern India to a Brahmin family and studied at the Buddhist monastic university Nalanda.〔Masters of Mahāmudrā By Abhayadatta, Keith Dowman, Hugh R. Downs (Page 233)〕〔''Masters of Mahāmudrā: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas'' by Abhayadatta, translated by Keith Dowman, Hugh R. Downs. State University of New York Press: 1986. ISBN 0-88706-160-5 p. 233〕 According to Sankrityayan and Dvijram Yadav, Saraha was born in Raggyee village of ancient Bhagalpur, the then Capital of Anga Desh.〔http://angika.com/saraha/〕
==Iconography==
Saraha is normally shown seated and holding an arrow (Skt. ''śaru'').
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