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Saraiki dialect
Saraiki (Shahmukhi: ) is the southern dialect of Western Punjabi of the Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken by 20 million people (2013)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Saraiki )〕 across the South Punjab, southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and border regions of North Sindh and Eastern Balochistan, with some 20,000 migrants and their descendants in India〔 who migrated as a result of the independence of Pakistan, as well as overseas, especially in the Middle East. Saraiki is also spoken by some Hindus in Afghanistan, though the number there is unknown.〔 (The writer attributes this entire quotation, verbatim, to a page in Ethnologue that does not exist as of March 2014.)〕
It follows the standardized Punjabi Shahmukhi script for writing.〔http://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm: Shahmukhi Alphabet Example〕〔http://www.apnaorg.com/shahmukhi/ : Shahmukhi Alphabets〕 The name "Saraiki" (or variant spellings) was formally adopted in the 1960s by regional social and political leaders who undertook to promote Saraiki dialects of the Punjabi language.
==Etymology==
The word ''sarāiki'' likely originated from ''sauvīrā'', or Sauvira,〔A.H. Dani, ''Sindhu-Sauvira: A glimpse into the early history of Sind'' In Hameeda Khusro (ed), Sind Through The Centuries (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1981) pp. 35-42〕 a kingdom name in ancient India which was also mentioned in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. By adding adjectival suffix ''-kī'' to the word ''sauvīrā'' it became ''sauvīrakī''. The consonant ''v'' with its neighboring vowels was dropped for simplification and hence the name became ''sarāiki''. Although George Abraham Grierson reported that ''sirāiki'' (that was the spelling he used) is from a Sindhi word ''sirō'', meaning "of the north, northern", Shackle〔Shackle, C. 1977. Saraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan. Modern Asian Studies, 11(3):379-403.〕 asserts that this etymology is unverified. Another view is that ''sarāiki'' originates from the word ''sarai''.
The most common rendering of the name is ''Saraiki''. However, ''Seraiki'' and ''Siraiki'' have also been used in academia until recently. Precise spelling aside, the name was adopted in the 1960s by regional social and political leaders. An organization named Saraiki Academy was founded in Multan on 6 April 1962 and gave the name of universal application to the dialect.〔 Currently, ''Saraiki'' is the spelling used in universities of Pakistan (the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, department of Saraiki established in 1989,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan - Department )〕 Bahauddin Zakariya University, in Multan, department of Saraiki established in 2006,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=- Bahauddin Zakariya University,Multan,Pakistan(bzu) )〕 and Allama Iqbal Open University, in Islamabad, department of Pakistani languages established in 1998),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department Detail )〕 and by the district governments of Bahawalpur〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Account Suspended )〕 and Multan,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction -City District Government Multan )〕 as well as by the federal institutions of the Government of Pakistan like Population Census Organization〔(Population by Mother Tongue ), website of the Population Census organization of Pakistan〕 and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation.〔(Saraiki News Bulletins ), website of Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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