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Sarakhsi
Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi () was a Persian jurist, or Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school. He was traditionally known as Shams al-A'imma (, "the sun of the leaders").〔Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, ed. and tr., ''Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 210.〕
==Background Information==
Al-Sarakhsi was from Transoxiana.〔Calder, N. "al-Sarakhsi", Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abu Sahl Abu Bakr, Shams al- A’imma." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Yale University. 08 February 2011 〕 He died sometime around 490/1096,〔Calder, N. "al-Sarakhsi", Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abu Sahl Abu Bakr, Shams al- A’imma." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W.P.Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Yale University. 8 February 2011 〕 although there is some debate on the exact year of his death.〔Kassim, Husain. Sarakhsi- Hugo Grotius of the Muslims: The Doctrine of Juristic Preference and the Concepts of Treaties and Mutal Relations. San Francisco: Austin and Winfield Publishers, 1994.〕 Not much is known about his early life,〔 though some clues are found in his works. It is said that al-Sarakhsi was imprisoned due to his opinion on a juristic matter concerning a ruler; he criticized the king by questioning the validity of his marriage to a slave woman.〔 He spent around fifteen years in prison.〔 While he was imprisoned he wrote the ''Mabsut''〔Calder, N. "al-Sarakhsi", Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abu Sahl Abu Bakr, Shams al- A’imma." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W.P.Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Yale University. 08 February 2011 〕 and some of his other most important works.〔 He is known for his remarkable memory,〔 (he was able to recall many texts when he was held in prison) as well as his intelligence. Al-Sarakhsi’s opinions on law have been widely cited and he has been thought of as a distinctive writer.〔Calder, Norman. "Exploring God's Law: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Sahl al-Sarakhsi on zakat." In Law and the Islamic world past and present, by Christopher Toll and Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen. Copenhagen: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri A/S, 1995.〕 His main works are the ''Usul al-Fiqh'', ''the Kitab al-Mabsut'', and the ''Sharh al-Siyar al-Kabir''.
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