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Sarbani
Sarbaṇī ((パシュトー語:سربڼي)) are the largest〔http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Pashtun_Confederacies_lg.jpg〕 tribal group of Pashtuns. They are situated in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Sarbani include many Pashtun tribes, among whom the most numerous are the Tareen, (Durrani historically Abdali), Yusufzai, Mohmand, Khalil, Ghoryakhel, Shinwari, Kasi , and Muhammadzai (Charsadda).〔The races of Afghanistan : being a brief account of the principal nations inhabiting that country (1880), https://archive.org/details/racesofafghanist015766mbp〕 According to the Pashtun legend of origins, the members of the Sarbani group all descend from Sarban, who was the first son of the legendary founding father of the Pashtun people, Qais Abdur Rashid.
==Etymology==
The name ''Sarbani'' is similar (or identical) with the name of an historical tribe on Caucasus that was also named Sarbani (the Caucasian tribe was recorded under this name in the 10th century). Pashtuns are believed to be of Scythian descent〔(A brief history of Afghanistan, Shaista Wahab, Barry Youngerman, Infobase Publishing, 2007, page 14. )〕 and their language is classified as East Scythian (Sarmatian language is also grouped within Scythian branch).〔(The history and geography of human genes, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi, Alberto Piazza, Princeton University Press, 1994, page 242. )〕
According to the research of Henry Walter Bellew〔https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Henry+Walter+Bellew%22〕 and Ibbetson Denzil,〔https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Ibbetson%2C+Denzil%2C+Sir%2C+1847-1908%22〕 the Pashtun genealogist took the term Saraban for their ancestors from Suryabans which was the distinctive race title of the solar clans of Kshatriya people among whom the Pashtuns had become absorbed, and it was also a title held in high respect among the people of the country at that time. Further, as it included a large and important population, it was a convenient term to adopt as an ancestral title.〔A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West frontier province by Ibbetson Denzil, https://archive.org/details/glossaryoftribes03rose〕
The name Sarban is evidently a corrupted, or perhaps a natural variant form of Suryabans the solar or royal race now represented in India by some solar clans of the Rajput. Similarly the names of the Saraban's sons Karshabun/Khrishyiin and Sharkabun/Sharjyun, and of his grandson Sheorani, are clearly changed forms of the common Rajput and Brahman proper names Krishan, Surjan, and Shivaram or Sheoram 〔Afghanistan and Afghans (1879), https://archive.org/details/afghanistananda01bellgoog〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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