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'' |common_name = Sark |image_flag = Flag of Sark.svg |image_coat = Escudo de Sark.svg |image_map = Sark map.png |map_caption = A map of Sark with Brecqhou to the west. |image_map2 = Sark-aerial.jpg |map2_width = 250px |map_caption2 = Aerial view of Sark. North is to the lower left, Little Sark toward the upper right and Brecqhou at bottom right. |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''God Save the Queen'' ''Sarnia Cherie'' a |official_languages = |regional_languages = Sercquiais |admin_center = |government_type = |leader_title1 = Seigneur of Sark |leader_name1 = |sovereignty_type = }} |established_event1 = |established_date1 = 1565 |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 5.45 |area_sq_mi = 2 |percent_water = |population_estimate = 600 |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 =110.09 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |currency = Pound sterlingc |currency_code = GBP |time_zone = GMT |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +1 |calling_code = +44 1481 |cctld = noned |footnote_a = Official for occasions when distinguishing anthem required. |footnote_b = Head of government's residence; Sark has no capital. |footnote_c = Guernsey pound notes and coins not legal tender outside Guernsey. |footnote_d = Sark currently has no official cctld. }} Sark (; Sercquiais: ''Sèr'' or ''Cerq'') is a small island in the Channel Islands in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, France. It is a royal fief, which forms part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, with its own set of laws based on Norman law and its own parliament. It has a population of about 600. Sark (including the nearby island of Brecqhou) has an area of . Sark is one of the few remaining places in the world where cars are banned from roads and only tractors and horse-drawn vehicles are allowed. In 2011, Sark was designated as a Dark Sky Community and the first Dark Sky Island in the world. == Geography and geology == Sark consists of two main parts, Greater Sark, located at about 49° 25' N x 2° 22' W, and Little Sark to the south. They are connected by a narrow isthmus called La Coupée which is long and has a drop of on each side. Protective railings were erected in 1900; before then, children would crawl across on their hands and knees to avoid being blown over the edge. There is a narrow concrete road covering the entirety of the isthmus that was built in 1945 by German prisoners of war under the direction of the Royal Engineers. Due to its isolation, the inhabitants of Little Sark had their own distinct form of Sercquiais, the native Norman dialect of the island. The highest point on Sark is above sea-level.〔 A windmill, dated 1571, is found there, the sails of which were removed during World War I. This high point is named ''Le Moulin'', after the windmill. The location is also the highest point in the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Little Sark had a number of mines accessing a source of galena. At Port Gorey, the ruins of silver mines may be seen. Off the south end of Little Sark are the Venus Pool and the Adonis Pool, both natural swimming pools whose waters are refreshed at high tide. The whole island is extensively penetrated at sea level by natural cave formations that provide unique habitats for many marine creatures, notably sea anemones, some of which are only safely accessible at low tide. Sark is made up mainly of amphibolite and granite gneiss rocks, intruded by igneous magma sheets called quartz diorite. Recent (1990–2000〔Timing of plutonism and deformation in Sark magmatic arc segment, Channel Islands, In: Tectonophysics, 1999, issue 312 page 79-95〕) geological studies and rock age dating by geologists from Oxford Brookes University shows that the gneisses probably formed around 620-600 million years ago during the Late Pre-Cambrian Age Cadomian Orogeny. The quartz diorite sheets were intruded during this Cadomian deformation and metamorphic event. All the Sark rocks (and those of the nearby Channel Islands of Guernsey and Alderney) formed during geological activity in the continental crust above an ancient subduction zone. This geological setting would have been analogous to the modern-day subduction zone of the Pacific Ocean plate colliding and subducting beneath the North and South American continental plate. Sark also exercises jurisdiction over the island of Brecqhou, only a few hundred feet west of Greater Sark. It is a private island, but it has recently been opened to some visitors. Since 1993, Brecqhou has been owned by Sir David Barclay, one of the Barclay brothers who are co-owners of ''The Daily Telegraph''. They contest Sark's control over the island. However, the candidates endorsed by their various business interests on the Island failed to win any seats in the elections held in 2008 and 2010. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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