|
''Al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyah as-Sa'ūdiyah'' |common_name = Saudi Arabia |image_flag = Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = "" (Shahada)}} |national_anthem = (as an instrumental) "as-Salām al-Malakiyy" |official_languages = Arabic〔 |demonym = |ethnic_groups = 90% Arab 10% Afro-Arab |religion = Sunni Islam 〔 |capital = Riyadh |latd=24 |latm=39 |latNS=N |longd=46 |longm=46 |longEW=E |largest_city = Riyadh |government_type = Unitary Islamic Absolute monarchy |leader_title1 = King |leader_name1 = Salman bin Abdulaziz |leader_title2 = Crown Prince |leader_name2 = Mohammad bin Nayef |leader_title3 = Deputy Crown Prince |leader_name3 = Mohammad bin Salman |legislature = None |sovereignty_type = Establishment |established_event1 = Kingdom founded |established_date1 = 23 September 1932 |area_rank = 13th |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_km2 = 2,149,690〔 |area_sq_mi = 830,000 |percent_water = 0.7 |population_estimate = 30,770,375〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official annual projection )〕 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 41st |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 12.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 31 |population_density_rank = 216th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $1.668 trillion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Saudi Arabia )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 14th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $53,149〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 12th |GDP_Real_Command-basis = 330.831 billion 1999 USD〔 |GDP_Real_Command-basis_rank = |GDP_Real_Command-basis_year = 2010 |GDP_Real_Command-basis_per_capita = 12,190 1999 USD〔 |GDP_Real_Command-basis_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $648.971 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 20th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $20,677〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 38th |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.836 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 34th |currency = Saudi riyal (SR) |currency_code = SAR |country_code = SAU |utc_offset=+3 |time_zone=AST |drives_on = Right |calling_code = +966 |cctld = |footnote_a = Legislation is by king's decree. The Consultative Assembly exists to advise the king. }} Saudi Arabia ' or '}} (, ), officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), ', }} is an Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid inhospitable desert or barren landforms. The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd, and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. The country has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called "the predominant feature of Saudi culture".〔Tripp, ''Culture Shock'', 2003: p.14〕〔Malbouisson, p. 23〕 Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The Kingdom has a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million are Saudi nationals and 8 million are foreigners.〔("Saudi Arabia profile – Key facts" ). ''BBC News''. 23 May 2013〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Demography of Religion in the Gulf )〕 Petroleum was discovered in 1938 and Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil producer and exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) )〕 The kingdom is categorized as a World Bank high-income economy with a high Human Development Index, and is the only Arab country to be part of the G-20 major economies. However, the economy of Saudi Arabia is the least diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.emirates247.com/business/economy-finance/uae-has-most-diversified-gcc-economy-2014-01-06-1.533612 )〕 It is a monarchical autocracy〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/04/15/authoritarian-resurgence-saudi-arabia-s-anxious-autocrats )〕 and is ranked as "Not Free" by Freedom House.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/saudi-arabia#.VDv_IVfz70Q )〕 Saudi Arabia has the fourth highest military expenditure in the world,〔(The Military Balance 2014: Top 15 Defence Budgets 2013 ) (IISS)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2013 (table) )〕 and in 2010–14, SIPRI found that Saudi Arabia was the world's second largest arms importer. Saudi Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours )〕 Limitations on women's rights in Saudi Arabia make it the only country where women are not permitted to drive.〔()〕 ==Etymology== Following the unification of the kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd, the new state was named ''al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah as-Suʻūdīyah'' (a transliteration of المملكة العربية السعودية in Arabic) by royal decree on 23 September 1932 by its founder, Abdulaziz Al Saud (Ibn Saud). Although this is normally translated as "the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" in English〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Background Note: Saudi Arabia )〕 it literally means "the Arab Saudi Kingdom". The word "Saudi" is derived from the element ''as-Suʻūdīyah'' in the Arabic name of the country, which is a type of adjective known as a nisba, formed from the dynastic name of the Saudi royal family, the Al Saud (آل سعود). Its inclusion expresses the view that the country is the personal possession of the royal family. ''Al Saud'' is an Arabic name formed by adding the word ''Al'', meaning "family of" or "House of", to the personal name of an ancestor. In the case of the Al Saud, this is the father of the dynasty's 18th century founder, Muhammad bin Saud. Those who do not recognize Saudi rule (particularly the Islamic State) call the nation the "land of Haramayn (the two holy places)" in reference to Mecca and Medina.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30061109 )〕 ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saudi Arabia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
