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Scalloway (Old Norse:''Skálavágr'' – "bay with the large house(s)") is the largest settlement on the North Atlantic coast of Mainland, Shetland with a population of approximately 812, at the 2001 census. Until 1708 it was the capital of the Shetland Islands (now Lerwick, on the east coast of the Shetland Mainland). Scalloway is the location of the North Atlantic Fisheries College (part of the University of the Highlands and Islands), which offers courses and supports research programmes in fisheries sciences, aquaculture, marine engineering and coastal management. It is also home to the Centre for Nordic Studies. Nearby are the Scalloway Islands, which derive their name from the town. The village has a swimming pool and a school, Scalloway Junior High School, the secondary department of which was closed in July 2011 by the Shetland Islands Council. == History == Built in 1600 by Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney, the remains of Scalloway Castle is the most notable feature of the village. Scalloway Castle is located near the quay (the castle is usually locked, however a key can be borrowed from the nearby (Scalloway Hotel )). Norwegian boatbuilders from Hordaland, around the Bergen areas of Os and Tysnes built Yoals from about the 16th century. Oselvar, the traditional small wooden boat of Os, were taken apart and then 'flat packed' for shipping to Scalloway. Instead of sending complicated assembly instructions, they sent boatbuilders to re-build them. Many of those stayed for years in Shetland, and some married there. To the Hanseatic merchants from Bremen and Hamburg, Scalloway was known as ''Schaldewage'' and as a good sheltered harbour on the route to Hillswick. Barbara Tulloch 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SCT-SHETLAND-L Archives )〕 and her daughter Ellen – the last witches to be burned in Shetland – were executed on Gallow Hill, overlooking the village. During World War II, Scalloway was the home base and housed for some time the headquarters of The Shetland Bus, part of the Norwegian resistance against the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. The ''Norway House'' and the ''Prince Olav Pier / slipway'', which formed major parts of the base are still existing. Details about the history of ''The Shetland Bus'' are on display at the Scalloway Museum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scalloway Museum )〕 In 1996, Kåre Emil Iversen published his war time memoirs, ''I Was a Shetland Bus Man''. It was reprinted in 2004, with a new introduction and the title ''Shetland Bus Man''. Another Shetland author Willie Smith discusses this period extensively in his 2003 memoir ''Willie's War and Other Stories''. Other notable Scalloway authors include the prolific James R. Nicolson and the photographer/writer C.J. (Clement) Williamson. After the war Scalloway served as harbour of the Shetland-Orkney ferry service (mv Orcadia on the Scalloway–Stromness route). After the opening of the ''Schiehallion Oil Field'' off the west coast of Shetland, Scalloway took over some functions as a service base for the oil business. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scalloway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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