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Scaphognathus
''Scaphognathus'' was a pterosaur that lived around Germany during the Late Jurassic. It had a wingspan of 0.9 m (3 ft).
==Description==
At present ''Scaphognathus'' is known from three specimens, all of which originated in the Kimmeridgian-age〔Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 545–549. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.〕 Solnhofen Limestone.〔"Scaphognathus." In: Cranfield, Ingrid (ed.). ''The Illustrated Directory of Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Creatures''. London: Salamander Books, Ltd. Pp. 308-309.〕 Physically it was very similar to ''Rhamphorhynchus'', albeit with notable cranial differences.〔
For one, ''Scaphognathus'' had a proportionately shorter skull (4.5 in) with a blunter tip and a larger antorbital fenestra.〔 Its teeth oriented vertically rather than horizontally. The traditional count of them held that eighteen teeth were in the upper jaws and ten in the lower.〔 S. Christopher Bennett, studying a new third specimen, SMNS 59395, in 2004 determined there were only sixteen teeth in the upper jaws, the higher previous number having been caused by incorrectly adding replacement teeth.〔Bennett, S. C. (2004). "New information on the pterosaur ''Scaphognathus crassirostris'' and the pterosaurian cervical series", ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'', 24(Supplement to #3):38A〕
Comparisons between the scleral rings of ''Scaphognathus'' and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been diurnal. This may also indicate niche partitioning with contemporary pterosaurs inferred to be nocturnal, such as ''Ctenochasma'' and ''Rhamphorhynchus''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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